Volume 43 Issue 4
Jul.  2026
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Wang Liwei, Gao Ying, Shi Yang, et al.Ultra-high temperature CaCl2 weighted fracturing fluid technology for ultra-deep high-pressure reservoir stimulaiton[J]. Drilling Fluid & Completion Fluid，2026, 43（4）：562-568 doi: 10.12358/j.issn.1001-5620.2026.04.015
Citation: Wang Liwei, Gao Ying, Shi Yang, et al.Ultra-high temperature CaCl2 weighted fracturing fluid technology for ultra-deep high-pressure reservoir stimulaiton[J]. Drilling Fluid & Completion Fluid，2026, 43（4）：562-568 doi: 10.12358/j.issn.1001-5620.2026.04.015
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Ultra-High Temperature CaCl2 Weighted Fracturing Fluid Technology for Ultra-Deep High-Pressure Reservoir Stimulaiton

doi: 10.12358/j.issn.1001-5620.2026.04.015
  • 1.

    PetroChina Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration & Development, Beijing 100083

  • 2.

    Oil & Gas Technology Research Institute, PetroChina Tarim Oilfield Company, Korla, Xinjiang 841000

  • Received Date: 2026-03-19
  • Accepted Date: 2026-04-14
  • Rev Recd Date: 2026-04-01
  • Publish Date: 2026-07-30
    Abstract
  • The continual breakthrough in exploring deep, ultra-deep and ultra-high pressure reservoirs has raised higher demands on heavy fracturing fluids. Fracturing fluid additives presently in use have various shortages, for example, KCl can raise the density of fracturing fluids to only a low density, bromides can raise the density of fracturing fluids to much higher densities, they are quite expensive though. Weighted guar gum fracturing fluids and weighted clear surfactant fracturing fluids, on the other hand, have poor high-temperature stability. To meet the requirements of stimulating reservoirs that are more than ten-thousand meters in depths, a technical study was conducted on ultra-high temperature weighted calcium chloride (CaCl2) fracturing fluid. By selecting the salts for weighting, synthesizing polymers that are stable at high temperatures and high salinities, and developing delayed/controllable crosslinkers, all of which are key to the formulation of an ideal fracturing fluid, a cost-effective CaCl2-weighted fracturing fluid which is resistant to ultra-high temperatures up to 220 ℃, was developed. The density of the fracturing fluid ranges from 1.15 g/cm3 to 1.35 g/cm3. The results of a comprehensive performance evaluation of the fracturing fluid show that after shearing for 2 hours at 180 – 220 ℃, the fracturing fluid, with varying compositions, has a viscosity that is greater than 50 mPa·s. The crosslinking time of the fracturing fluid is controllable. After standing for 2 hours at 180 ℃, no sand settling occurs. The rate of drag reducing of this fracturing fluid is greater than 50%. This fracturing fluid has been applied many times in the well Take-1, a well with bottomhole temperature of 205 ℃, the properties of the fracturing fluid were stable, and 308 m3 fracturing fluid was successfully used. The successful application of this weighted fracturing fluid technology provides a valuable experience for ultra-deep ultra-high pressure reservoir stimulation.

     

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