CFD-DEM-Based Study on Particle-Size Matching of Bridging Particles in Multi-Scale Fractures
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摘要: 针对传统的颗粒粒径匹配规则难以适应多尺度裂缝性地层堵漏的问题，选取多尺度楔形裂缝为研究对象，开展了计算流体力学-离散元法（CFD-DEM）耦合模拟，并结合室内裂缝封堵模拟评价实验，分析了裂缝开度变化下的架桥颗粒粒径匹配特征；基于压差响应构建无量纲稳定系数S，并采用高斯过程回归（GPR）方法建立稳定系数S关于裂缝开度和架桥粒径比的响应关系，形成了多尺度裂缝架桥粒径比匹配图版。研究表明：在0.2～2.5 mm裂缝尺度范围内，不同裂缝尺度下颗粒堵层形态和承压响应存在明显差异，当粒径比处于适宜区间时，颗粒能够在裂缝内部形成较稳定的架桥堆积带，并表现出较高的承压能力；粒径比偏小时颗粒易发生深部运移或冲刷失稳，粒径比偏大时易在裂缝入口端形成虚堵。架桥颗粒适宜粒径比随裂缝开度增大呈现区间迁移特征，0.2～1 mm裂缝对应优选粒径比区间为0.25～0.40，1.5～2.5 mm裂缝对应优选粒径比区间为0.35～0.45。所建图版能够反映出不同裂缝尺度下适宜粒径比区间的分布及迁移规律，图版计算结果与实验数据整体趋势一致，决定系数R2为0.8674，表明该图版在研究范围内具有较好的拟合精度。传统的颗粒匹配规则在多尺度裂缝条件下存在适用性边界，稳定系数S可用于不同裂缝尺度下封堵效果的相对评价，所建图版可为裂缝性地层堵漏材料粒径优选提供参考。Abstract: To address the limitation of traditional particle-size matching rules in lost circulation control for multi-scale fractured formations, coupled CFD-DEM simulations and laboratory simulated fracture-plugging evaluation experiments were performed on multi-scale wedge-shaped fractures. A dimensionless stability coefficient S was defined from the pressure-drop response. Gaussian process regression (GPR) was then used to establish the response relationship of S with fracture aperture and bridging particle-size ratio, forming a particle-size matching chart for multi-scale fractures. The results show that particle plugging-layer morphology and pressure-bearing response vary with fracture size. Suitable particle-size ratios allow bridging particles to form stable packing zones inside fractures and exhibit high pressure-bearing capacity, whereas smaller or larger ratios lead to deep migration, erosion-induced instability, or false plugging at the fracture inlet. The preferred particle-size ratio is 0.25-0.40 for 0.2-1 mm fractures and 0.35-0.45 for 1.5-2.5 mm fractures. The chart agrees with experimental data, with R2=0.8674, indicating good fitting accuracy within the research range.
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Key words:
- CFD-DEM /
- Multi-scale fracture /
- Bridging plugging /
- Particle-size matching /
- Chart representation
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表 1 液-固两相及模型参数
参数 单位 数值 颗粒相 泊松比 - 0.23 剪切模量 Pa 1.2×106 恢复系数 - 0.5 静摩擦系数 - 0.6 滚动摩擦系数 - 0.1 液相 密度 kg/m3 1200 黏度 mPa·s 45 模型 粗糙度 mm 0.02 
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表 2 数值模拟方案矩阵
序号 裂缝入口开度w/mm 架桥粒径比 流速/(m/s) 1 0.5 1/4 0.5 2 0.5 1/3 0.5 3 0.5 1/3～4/9 0.5 4 0.5 4/9 0.5 5 0.5 5/9 0.5 6 1.0 1/4 1.0 7 1.0 1/3 1.0 8 1.0 1/3～4/9 1.0 9 1.0 4/9 1.0 10 1.0 5/9 1.0 11 1.5 1/3 1.5 12 1.5 1/3～4/9 1.5 13 1.5 4/9 1.5 14 1.5 5/9 1.5 15 2.5 1/3 2.5 16 2.5 1/3～4/9 2.5 17 2.5 4/9 2.5 18 2.5 5/9 2.5
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表 3 堵漏材料参数
堵漏材料 主要作用 粒径确定方式 摩擦系数
范围核桃壳 主架桥颗粒 筛分获取粒径范围 0.2～0.3 纤维 协同架桥与填充 筛分获取粒径范围 0.1～0.2 超细碳酸钙 细颗粒填充 1250目 0.2～0.3
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表 4 室内实验数据对比
裂缝尺度 实验组别 堵漏浆配方 封堵效果 w=1 mm 配方A 4%核桃壳（0.45～0.55 mm）+ 1.5%纤维（0.18～0.22 mm）+ 0.6%超细碳酸钙（1250目） 发生浅层虚堵，漏失量35 mL，承压仅为4 MPa 配方B 4%核桃壳（0.32～0.45 mm）+1.5%纤维（0.13～0.18 mm）+ 0.6%超细碳酸钙（1250目） 漏失量在40 mL以内，承压能力可达8 MPa w=2.5 mm 配方C 4%核桃壳（0.75～0.90 mm）+ 1.5%纤维（0.30～0.38 mm）+ 0.6%超细碳酸钙（1250目） 承压约2 MPa，漏失量超80 mL 配方D 4%核桃壳（0.8～1.11 mm）+ 1.5%纤维（0.33～0.45 mm）+ 0.6%超细碳酸钙（1250目） 漏失量降低至50 mL，承压能力可达7 MPa
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