Study and Application of Stabilization and Differentiated Acidizing Stimulation System for Unconsolidated Sandstone Reservoirs
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摘要: 中东地区某油田的主力产层之一的砂岩储层以砂岩和泥质粉砂岩为主，胶结物以长石为主，岩石疏松易出砂导致堵塞。常规酸化技术见效慢，可能导致疏松砂岩分散，加剧出砂。本文分析储层出砂堵塞机理，并研发一套针对疏松砂岩储层的复合酸化解堵技术，以“先稳定、后解堵”为思路，能缓解油井堵塞伤害，并维持储层稳定性。本文通过室内试验，研发了高冲刷流速条件下的砂岩稳定剂，在1800 mL/h的流速下，出砂率可稳定控制在0.01%以内。应用不同工作液体系的协同作用原理，以“多除垢、少溶砂”为目标，研发了差异化溶蚀的酸化解堵体系，垢样溶蚀率≥95%，溶砂率<25%，酸液可控制砂岩的溶蚀率，维持岩石结构稳定。现场试验证明，该技术可提高油井平均产量和有效期，为疏松砂岩油田的酸化解堵处理提供了理论基础与实践方向。Abstract: One of Middle East oilfield main production layers is a sandstone reservoir, primarily composed of sandstone and argillaceous siltstone. The rock is loose and prone to sand production. Conventional acidizing technologies are slow-acting and may even cause sand production. This paper analyze the mechanism of sand production and blockage in the reservoir, and develop a composite acidizing stimulation technology targeted at unconsolidated sandstone reservoirs. Based on the principle of "stabilization first, then stimulation," this technology can not only alleviate well blockage damage but also maintain reservoir stability. Through laboratory experiments, this paper developed a sandstone stabilizer suitable for high scouring flow rates. Under a flow rate of 1800 mL/h, the sand production rate can be stably controlled within 0.01%. Meanwhile, by applying the synergistic principle of different working fluid systems and aiming for "more scale removal, less sand dissolution," a differentially dissolving acidizing and descaling system was developed. Laboratory tests show that the dissolution rate of scale samples in the acid system is ≥95%, while the sand dissolution rate is <25%. The acid fluid can effectively alleviate the dissolution of sandstone minerals and maintain rock structure stability. Field tests have demonstrated that the composite acidizing technology, which follows the "stabilize first, then descale" approach, has increased average production and extended the treatment's effective period, effectively mitigating the problem of sand production in the reservoir. This provides a theoretical basis and practical direction for acidizing treatments in unconsolidated sandstone oilfields.
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表 1 室内测定流量与折合现场产液量对应关系
室内测定流量/(mL·h-1) 1800 3000 4200 5400 折合现场产液量/（m3/（d·m） ) 39.8 66.4 92.9 119.4 
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表 2 高强度冲刷岩心渗透率恢复率
石英砂粒径/
mmK0/
mDKd/
mDKd/ K0/
%出砂时流量/
mL·h−10.2～0.6 1630 1504 92.3 1800 2410 2336 96.9 3290 3093 94.0 2240 2132 95.2 1770 1637 92.4
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表 5 不同酸液体系对砂岩和垢样的溶蚀率对比
酸液体系 岩石类型 反应时间/h 溶蚀率/% 15%HCl 砂岩 / 垢样 2 26.0 / 90.0 8%HF 45.0 / 34.0 12%HCl+3%HF 72.0 / 78.0 10%HEDP 31.4 / 88.0 饱和EDTA 16.6 / 39.5
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表 6 酸液对砂岩和垢样的溶蚀能力评价
酸液体系 岩石类型 溶蚀率/% 0.5 h 1 h 1.5 h 2 h 2.5 h 3 h HCl∶HEDP∶EDTA=6∶3∶1 砂岩 / 垢样 9.3 / 42.8 11.4 / 62.2 14.2 / 78.8 18.5 / 82.6 21.5 / 85.2 22.2 / 86.3 HCl∶HEDP∶EDTA=6∶2∶2 10.6 / 40.3 12.4 / 59.1 15.7 / 75.2 19.8 / 80.9 22.5 / 83.5 23.1 / 84.8 HCl∶HEDP∶EDTA=6∶1∶3 11.7 / 45.2 13.6 / 61.6 17.5 / 76.3 20.5 / 81.2 22.8 / 84.4 23.6 / 85.7 HCl∶HEDP∶EDTA=7∶1∶2 9.2 / 40.8 11.9 / 56.4 16.9 / 75.8 19.7 / 80.3 22.3 / 83.2 23.5 / 83.4 HCl∶HEDP∶EDTA=7∶2∶1 10.1 / 41.2 12.8 / 56.0 16.6 / 76.1 20.5 / 79.2 23.7 / 82.0 24.1 / 82.2 HCl∶HEDP∶EDTA=8∶1∶1 13.3 / 38.6 17.4 / 53.2 21.2 / 72.8 25.5 / 75.6 28.8 / 79.8 29.5 / 80.2 HCl∶HEDP∶EDTA=9∶0∶1 13.5 / 43.8 18.7 / 62.2 23.0 / 77.8 26.6 / 82.6 30.1 / 85.2 30.6 / 85.6 HCl∶HEDP∶EDTA=9∶1∶0 13.3 / 44.3 18.2 / 62.6 22.5 / 78.1 26.0 / 82.2 29.5 / 84.8 30.1 / 85.3
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表 7 螯合酸、盐酸和地层水中金属离子含量
配方 金属离子含量/ (mg·L−1) Ca2+ Al3+ Fe3+ 螯合酸 2678 917 1674 盐酸 573 37 71 地层水 3585 326 645
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表 8 酸液解除岩心污染实验结果
岩心编号 孔隙度/% K1/mD K2/mD K3/mD K4/mD R/% M-1 14.86 66.0 42.9 40.3 67.9 101.8 M-2 13.77 25.3 5.5 5.2 26.8 105.9 M-3 18.46 70.7 40.3 38.3 72.3 102.3
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