Formulation and Evaluation of High-Temperature Large Temperature-Difference Low-Density Cement Slurry
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摘要: 深井超深井固井普遍存在超深、长封固段,部分井段存在低压易漏等复杂工况,水泥浆面临高温、大温差、低密度水泥石强度低发展慢等技术难题,浆体调凝、稳定性、水泥石强度等性能难兼顾。通过研发抗高温悬浮稳定剂、大温差调凝剂等,结合紧密堆积理论优化颗粒级配,构建了密度为1.20~1.55 g/cm3的高温低密度大温差水泥浆体系。实验表明,抗高温悬浮稳定剂疏水缔合作用可在70~160 ℃内减缓溶液黏度的降低;大温差调凝剂通过温敏官能团释放,实现了“顶部弱缓凝、底部强缓凝”;构建的水泥浆体系高温200 ℃养护后,水泥浆游离液为0,沉降稳定性在0.05 g/cm3以内;大温差条件下水泥石顶部低温段48 h强度达3.6 MPa,能够满足套管支撑和确保持续钻进的要求;120~180 ℃下水泥石14 d强度在13 MPa以上,且28 d强度无显著衰退。高温低密度大温差水泥浆体系为解决高温失稳、调凝及低密度水泥浆强度低等问题提供了技术思路,也为低压易漏失深井超深井安全、高质量固井助力。Abstract: Deep and ultra-deep wells generally have ultra-deep and long cementing hole sections, and some of them also have low-pressured and thief zones that make the operation difficult. In cementing these wells, the cement slurries are faced with technical challenges such as high bottomhole temperature, large temperature-difference, and slow strength development of low-density set cement etc., making it difficult to balance the regulation of thickening time, the stability of cement slurry and the strength of set cement. Using a self-developed high-temperature suspension stabilizer and a thickening time regulator for large temperature-difference, a low-density cement slurry for working under high temperature and large temperature-difference was formulated based on close-packing theory to optimize the sizing of the particles. The density of the cement slurry can be adjusted between 1.20 g/cm3 and 1.55 g/cm3. Experimental results show that the hydrophobic association effect of the high-temperature suspension stabilizer slows down the reduction of the solution viscosity between 70 ℃ and 160 ℃. The large-temperature-difference thickening time regulator, by releasing temperature-sensitive functional groups, achieves “weak retarding at the top and strong retarding at the bottom”. The cement slurry formulated, after aging at a high temperature of 200 ℃, have 0 free water and sedimentation stability of less than 0.05 g/cm3. Under large temperature-differences, the low-temperature section of the top set cement has a 48-hour strength of 3.6 MPa, which can meet the requirements of supporting the casing strings and ensuring drilling ahead. At 120 ℃ – 180 ℃, the 14-day strength of the set cement exceeds 13 MPa, with no obvious strength degradation occurred in 28 days. This high-temperature low-density cement slurry for large temperature-difference conditions provides a technical idea for addressing the problems of high-temperature instability, thickening time regulation and low strength of low-density cement slurries. It also provides support to safe and high-quality cementing of low-pressure deep- and ultra-deep- wells with thief zones.
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Key words:
- Well cementing /
- Cement slurry /
- High-temperature /
- Low-density /
- Large temperature-difference
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表 1 不同温度下水泥浆稳定性
HE400/
%T/
℃t下灰/
s稳定性/(g·cm−3) 游离液/
mLdm1 dm2 3 160 25 0.04 0.04 0 4 27 0.02 0.04 0 3 200 27 0.08 0.08 0 4 28 0.04 0.05 0 5 32 0.03 0.05 0 注:dm1为高温养护后直拆水泥浆上下密度差;dm2为2 h静置后水泥浆上下密度差。 表 2 大温差下常规密度水泥石强度发展情况
调凝
剂/%BHCT/
℃稠化时
间/min24 h
强度/
MPa顶部抗压强度/
MPa顶部
温度/
℃24 h 48 h 72 h 1.5 120 300 33.4 8.4 16.1 30 2.0 135 317 32.4 3.1 13.2 30 3.0 150 348 35.1 2.7 11.4 30 7.8 15.4 2.0 50 15.1 21.4 27.2 70 4.0 180 339 36.7 14.5 19.7 25.1 100 5.0 200 338 37.8 10.8 19.8 100 表 3 不同密度水泥浆的性能
水泥浆 ρ/
g·cm−3流动度/
cm游离液/
mLFL(180 ℃)/
mL1# 1.20 22.5 0 37.0 2# 1.40 23.0 0 39.0 3# 1.50 21.5 0 31.0 4# 1.55 21.5 0 31.0 表 4 大温差下低密度水泥石强度发展情况
水泥
浆BHCT/
℃缓凝剂/
%稠化
时间/
min底部抗压
强度/MPa顶部抗压
强度/MPa顶部
温度/
℃2 d 14 d 28 d 2 d 3 d 1# 130 2 332 5.1 13.7 12.4 3.6 13.7 50 2# 120 2 306 12.7 20.7 19.2 3.7 12.3 30 150 3 317 13.4 20.4 18.1 4.6 13.1 50 3# 130 2 357 13.8 21.7 19.7 5.8 13.4 30 150 3 373 16.4 23.1 21.4 6.4 16 60 180 5 427 20.1 26.4 22.8 4.6 13.2 80 4# 160 4 417 20.7 28.3 26.1 7.1 16.2 80 180 5 434 18.6 27.2 24 5.7 14.1 80 -
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