Rock-fluid Interaction Mechanisms in Deep Coal Rock-parting Formations and Drilling Fluid Countermeasures in the Daji Block
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摘要: 针对鄂尔多斯盆地东缘大吉区块深层煤岩水平井井壁失稳难题，从岩心矿物组分、宏微观结构特征、理化性能与力学性质多维度开展系统分析，最终揭示了该区块深层煤岩-夹矸地层的岩-液作用机理。结果表明，煤岩原生割理-裂缝结构的水化强度弱化效应，与深灰色泥质夹矸的微裂缝水化扩张、次生裂缝衍生及黏土矿物水化膨胀效应协同作用，所导致的煤岩-夹矸复合层力学强度衰减，是煤层气水平井水平段井壁失稳的主控因素。基于上述岩-液作用机理的揭示成果，提出“多级封堵-疏水抑制-密度适配-精细管控”协同的井壁稳定技术思路，以“成膜+疏水”核心功能处理剂为技术核心，构建出兼具强封堵、强抑制、强支撑特性的“三强”钻井液体系。室内性能评价结果表明，各项指标均满足工程要求。现场应用表明，该套钻井液体系成功支撑JS6-3P02井顺利完井：该井水平段长度达2062 m，煤层靶体钻遇率100%，水平段钻井周期仅7 d，实现水平段单趟钻完钻且全程无井下复杂事故，是大吉区块首口完钻的2000 m以上深层煤层气长水平段水平井。该套体系成果应用能够满足现场煤层气长水平井钻井的需要，具有较好的推广应用前景。Abstract: To address wellbore instability in deep coalbed methane horizontal wells in the Daji Block on the eastern margin of the Ordos Basin, systematic analyses were conducted of the core mineral composition, macro- and microstructural characteristics, physicochemical properties, and mechanical properties. The rock-fluid interaction mechanisms in the deep coal rock-parting formations in this block were subsequently identified. The results show that the hydration-induced weakening of the primary cleat-fracture system in the coal rock acts synergistically with hydration-induced microfracture dilation, secondary-fracture development, and clay mineral hydration and swelling in the dark-gray argillaceous partings. The resulting deterioration in the mechanical strength of the coal rock-parting composite formation is the dominant factor controlling wellbore instability in the horizontal sections of coalbed methane wells. Based on the identified rock-fluid interaction mechanisms, a synergistic wellbore-stability strategy integrating “multistage plugging, hydrophobic inhibition, density matching, and precise control” is proposed. A drilling fluid system with strong plugging, inhibition, and supporting capabilities is developed using film-forming and hydrophobic functional additives as the core treatment agents. Laboratory performance evaluations show that all performance parameters meet the engineering requirements. Field application demonstrated that this drilling fluid system enabled the successful completion of Well JS6-3P02. The well had a 2062 m horizontal section, achieved 100% penetration of the coal-seam target interval, and required only 7 d to drill the horizontal section. The horizontal section was drilled to total depth in a single bit run without any downhole complications. It was the first deep coalbed methane horizontal well with a horizontal section exceeding 2,000 m to be completed in the Daji Block. The developed drilling fluid system meets the requirements for drilling coalbed methane wells with long horizontal sections and has good potential for wider application.
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Key words:
- Drilling fluid /
- Coalbed methane /
- Horizontal well /
- Parting /
- Wellbore instability /
- Hydration
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表 1 煤岩和深灰色泥岩（夹矸）自吸量实验结果
岩性 自吸量/g 1 h 5 h 10 h 煤岩 0.0823 0.268 0.2812 灰色泥岩（夹矸） 0.1189 0.3751 0.3908 
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表 2 优化后钻井液体系的抗温性能
实验
条件AV/
mPa·sPV/
mPa·sYP/
PaGel/
Pa/PaFLAPI /
mL老化前 45.5 29 16.5 6/8.5 3.0 80 ℃、16 h 40.5 26 14.5 5/5.5 3.4 老化前 44.5 28 16.5 6/8.5 3.0 100 ℃、16 h 37.5 25 12.5 4/4.5 4.0
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表 3 优化后钻井液体系的抗污染性能
污染物 实验
条件AV/
mPa·sPV/
mPa·sYP/
PaGel/
Pa/PaFLAPI/
mL原始钻井液 老化前 45.5 29.0 16.50 6/8.5 3.0 80 ℃、16 h 40.50 26.0 14.50 5/5.5 3.4 5%NaCl 老化前 42.00 32.5 9.50 5/9.0 3.2 80 ℃、16 h 46.25 27.5 18.75 7/10.0 3.0 1%CaCl2 老化前 26.00 18.0 8.00 4/6.0 1.8 80 ℃、16 h 29.00 15.5 13.50 4/4.0 2.8
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表 4 JS6-3P02井实钻过程中钻井液的性能
井深/m ρ/(g·cm−3) PV/mPa·s YP/Pa φ3/φ6 FLAPI/mL 摩阻系数 2446 1.40 30 21.0 8.0/14.0 3.4 / 2600 1.42 29 18.0 7.0/12.0 3.3 0.061 3031 1.42 32 21.0 8.0/15.0 3.2 0.058 3224 1.42 32 21.5 8.0/15.0 3.4 0.058 3506 1.42 35 22.0 7.0/14.0 3.3 0.058 3810 1.42 36 22.5 7.0/15.0 3.2 0.058 4065 1.44 36 23.0 6.0/14.0 3.3 0.058 4140 1.44 36 22.5 8.0/15.0 3.4 0.058 4260 1.44 38 23.0 8.0/15.0 3.4 0.058 4506 1.44 38 19.0 7.0/15.0 3.3 0.058
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