Parametric analysis of a coordinated temperature-control strategy for drilling fluid in ultra-deep wells
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摘要: 随着浅层油气资源日益枯竭，深层和超深层油气勘探开发逐步成为主战场，井底高温已成为制约超深井安全高效钻井的关键瓶颈。提出“地面冰粒冷却+井下隔热”的钻井液协同控温方法，以塔里木盆地一口8543 m超深井为实例，结合井筒瞬态传热模型，系统分析了多因素协同作用对井底循环温度的影响规律，进而提出井筒控温优化方案。研究结果表明：钻杆隔热可有效降低井底温度，且隔热性能随涂层导热系数降低而提升；钻井液流量是影响井底温度最显著的因素，温度随流量增大而降低；物性参数中，热容与密度对井底温度影响较大，而导热系数与黏度影响相对较小，主要通过改变努塞尔数调控对流换热过程。此外，隔热措施能显著增强其他参数的控温效果，尤其对入口温度的影响最为明显：无隔热时入口温度从80 ℃降至0 ℃仅影响浅层温度，井底温度基本不变；而有隔热时相同入口温降可使井底温度下降约28 ℃。因此，超深井井筒温度控制需注重多种技术协同，以提升整体控温效果。研究结果为深井钻井液井筒温度场控制提供理论指导。Abstract: With the increasing depletion of shallow oil and gas resources, the exploration and development of deep and ultra-deep reservoirs have progressively become the primary focus. However, high bottomhole temperatures pose a critical challenge to the safe and efficient drilling of ultra-deep wells. This study proposes a coordinated temperature control method for drilling fluid, combining surface ice-particle cooling and downhole thermal insulation. Based on a case study of an 8,543 m ultra-deep well in the Tarim Basin, a transient wellbore heat transfer model was established to systematically analyze the influence of multiple factors on the circulating bottomhole temperature. An optimized wellbore temperature control strategy was subsequently proposed. The results demonstrate that insulating the drill pipe effectively reduces the bottomhole temperature, with performance improving as the thermal conductivity of the coating decreases. Among the operating parameters, drilling fluid flow rate has the most significant impact—bottomhole temperature decreases as the flow rate increases. Regarding thermophysical properties, heat capacity and density exhibit a stronger influence on bottomhole temperature, whereas thermal conductivity and viscosity play relatively minor roles, primarily affecting the convective heat transfer process by altering the Nusselt number. Furthermore, thermal insulation significantly enhances the cooling effect of other parameters, particularly the inlet temperature. Without insulation, reducing the inlet temperature from 80 ℃ to 0 ℃ only affects the shallow section, leaving the bottomhole temperature nearly unchanged. In contrast, with insulation, the same inlet temperature drop reduces the bottomhole temperature by approximately 28 ℃. Therefore, effective temperature control in ultra-deep wells requires the synergistic application of multiple technical measures. This study provides theoretical guidance for managing the wellbore temperature field during deep drilling operations.
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Key words:
- Drilling fluid ice-particle cooling /
- Ultra-deep well /
- Insulated drill pipe /
- Drilling
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表 1 塔里木盆地验证井井身结构
开次 钻头直径/mm 井深/m 套管外径/mm 套管下深/m 导管 660.4 105.00 508.0 105.00 一开 444.5 1199.50 339.7 1199.15 二开 311.1 4363.00 250.8 4362.00 三开 215.9 7728.00 177.8 7726.77 四开 149.2 8543.00 裸眼 裸眼 
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表 2 传热介质物性参数
介质 ρ/
kg·m−3比热容/
J·(kg·℃)−1导热系数/
W·(m·℃)−1钻井液 1600 1600 1.200 钻柱 7800 500 48.000 套管 7800 500 48.000 水泥环 2140 2000 0.700 地层岩石 2655 985 2.021
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