双苯环桥连型超高温油基钻井液乳化剂的研制与性能

王全得; 蒋官澄; 冯奇; 冯海平; 韩成福; 张榆崧

doi:10.12358/j.issn.1001-5620.2026.05.004

双苯环桥连型超高温油基钻井液乳化剂的研制与性能

doi: 10.12358/j.issn.1001-5620.2026.05.004

1.
中国石油大学（北京）石油工程学院, 北京 102249
2.
北京石大博诚科技有限公司, 北京 102200
3.
中国石油集团川庆钻探工程有限公司长庆钻井总公司, 西安 710018
4.
中国石油集团大港油田集团有限责任公司第一采油厂, 天津 300280

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金重点支持项目“深海深井钻井液漏失机理与防治方法研究”（U23B2082）。

详细信息

作者简介:
王全得，1996年生，在读博士研究生，现在从事钻井液技术研究工作。E-mail：15664628289@163.com

通讯作者:
蒋官澄，教授，博士生导师，研究方向为钻井液完井液化学与工程、油气层损害与保护技术。E-mail：m15600263100_1m@126.com。

中图分类号: TE254.3
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2026-03-02
- 修回日期: 2026-05-19
- 刊出日期: 2026-10-01

Development and Performance of a Dual-phenyl-bridged Ultra-high Temperature Emulsifier for Oil-based Drilling Fluids

1.
College of Petroleum Engineering, China University of Petroleum (Beijing), Beijing 102249
2.
Beijing Shida Bochen Technology Co., Ltd., Beijing 102200
3.
Changqing Drilling Company, Chuanqing Drilling Engineering Co., Ltd., CNPC, Xi'an，Shaanxi 710018
4.
No.1 Oil Production Plant, Dagang Oilfield Group Co., Ltd., CNPC, Tianjin 300280

摘要

摘要: 针对超高温（>220 ℃）深井及万米特深井钻探中现有油基钻井液乳化剂热稳定性不足、油水界面膜易失效的技术难题,基于刚性骨架增强热稳定性和多位点吸附的设计思路，以月桂酸和二苯乙烷等为原料，合成了含双苯环桥连骨架、双长链烷基和双磺酸钙头基的新型超高温乳化剂（UHT-EM）。采用红外光谱和核磁共振氢谱表征了其分子结构。通过耐温性、低频振荡及微观形貌评价了该乳化剂的乳化性能与界面膜强度，并构建了基于UHT-EM的超高温油基钻井液体系。结果表明，1.0%UHT-EM的乳状液在230 ℃老化16 h后的破乳电压为1431 V，250 ℃仍保持729 V，260 ℃仅为430 V，显著优于乳化剂HTM和Span80。低频振荡测试表明其在低应变幅下储能模量G′达649 ～ 801 Pa，且G′始终显著高于G″，表现出以弹性为主导的高强度特征。微观形貌分析表明，乳状液在230 ～ 250 ℃内保持规则的球形和单峰窄粒径分布，260 ℃时因分子锚定与离子交联协同失效而发生聚并失稳。基于UHT-EM构建的超高温油基钻井液（油水比为80∶20、密度为2.0 g/cm³）在230 ℃老化16 h后破乳电压值达1226 V，FL_HTHP为28.0 mL。UHT-EM凭借双苯环桥连刚性骨架与双磺酸钙头基的分子协同，显著提高了热分解温度和界面膜强度，在250 ℃表现出优异的乳化稳定性能，可为万米特深井及超高温深井钻探用油基钻井液提供核心材料支撑。
- 油基钻井液 /
- 超高温乳化剂 /
- 双苯环桥连 /
- 界面膜强度
Abstract: This study aimed to address the technical challenges of insufficient thermal stability and easy failure of the oil-water interfacial film in existing oil-based drilling fluid emulsifiers during ultra-high-temperature (>220 ℃) deep well and 10,000-meter-level ultra-deep well drilling. Based on the design concepts of rigid-skeleton-enhanced thermal stability andmulti-site adsorption,the study synthesized a novel ultra-high-temperature emulsifier (UHT-EM) featuring a double-benzene-bridged skeleton, double long-chain alkyl groups, and double calcium sulfonate head groups, using lauric acid and diphenylethane as raw materials. The molecular structure was characterized by infrared spectroscopy and proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) spectroscopy. The emulsification performance and interfacial film strength were evaluated in terms of thermal stability, low-frequency oscillation, and microscopic morphology, and an ultra-high-temperature oil-based drilling fluid system based on UHT-EM was formulated. The results showed that the emulsion containing 1.0% UHT-EM exhibited ES of 1431 V after aging at 230 ℃ for 16 h, which remained at 729 V at 250 ℃, and dropped to 430 V at 260 ℃, significantly outperforming the emulsifiers HTM and Span80. Low-frequency oscillation tests indicated that the storage modulus G′ reached 649–801 Pa at low strain amplitudes and was consistently significantly higher than G″, demonstrating an elasticity-dominated high-strength characteristic. Microscopic morphology analysis showed that the emulsion maintained regular spherical shapes and a unimodal narrow particle size distribution within 230–250 ℃, whereas coalescence and destabilization occurred at 260 ℃ due to the synergistic failure of molecular anchoring and ionic crosslinking. The ultra-high-temperature oil-based drilling fluid formulated with UHT-EM (oil-water ratio 80∶20, density 2.0 g/cm³) achieved an ES value of 1226 V and FL_HTHP of 28.0 mL after aging at 230 ℃ for 16 h. By virtue of the molecular synergy between the double-benzene-bridged rigid skeleton and the double calcium sulfonate head groups, UHT-EM significantly improved the thermal decomposition temperature and interfacial film strength, exhibiting excellent emulsification stability at 250 ℃. It can provide core material support for oil-based drilling fluids used in 10,000-meter-level ultra-deep well and ultra-high-temperature deep well drilling.
- Oil-based drilling fluid /
- Ultra-high-temperature emulsifier /
- Double-benzene-bridged /
- Interfacial film strength

HTML全文

图 1 UHT-EM的合成路线

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图 2 UHT-EM及中间产物的红外光谱

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图 3 UHT-EM的核磁共振氢谱

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图 4 油包水乳状液的界面膜强度

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图 5 乳状液在超高温下老化后的微观形貌及粒径分布

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表 1 UHT-EM对乳状液稳定性的影响(60 ℃)

UHT-EM / %	AV/ mPa·s	PV/ mPa·s	YP/ Pa	YP/PV/ Pa/mPa·s	φ₆/φ₃	ES/ V
0.5	13.00	8.00	5.00	0.63	7/6	1250
1.0	15.50	11.00	4.50	0.41	7/6	1431
1.5	17.50	13.00	4.50	0.35	7/6	1410
2.0	20.00	13.00	7.00	0.54	12/11	1240
2.5	22.50	13.00	9.50	0.73	17/16	1045
注：老化条件为230 ℃×16 h。

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表 2 超高温对乳状液稳定性的影响(60 ℃)

T/ ℃	乳化剂	AV/ mPa·s	PV/ mPa·s	YP/ Pa	YP/PV/ Pa/mPa·s	φ₆/φ₃	ES/ V
230	UHT-EM	15.50	11.00	4.50	0.41	7/6	1431
	HTM	11.00	10.00	1.00	0.10	1/1	447
	Span80	9.00	8.00	1.00	0.13	1/1	57
240	UHT-EM	17.00	11.50	5.50	0.48	5/4	1076
	HTM	8.00	7.00	1.00	0.14	1/1	335
	Span80	5.00	4.50	0.50	0.11	1/1	43
250	UHT-EM	20.00	14.00	6.00	0.43	4/3	729
	HTM	5.00	4.50	0.50	0.11	1/1	178
	Span80	4.00	3.50	0.50	0.14	1/1	35
260	UHT-EM	11.25	9.50	1.75	0.18	2/1	430
	HTM	4.00	3.50	0.50	0.14	1/1	89
	Span80	3.50	3.00	0.50	0.17	1/1	27

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表 3 不同油水比对钻井液性能的影响(60 ℃)

油水比	老化状态	AV/mPa·s	PV/mPa·s	YP/Pa	YP/PV/（Pa/mPa·s）	φ₆/φ₃	ES/V	FL_HTHP/mL
90∶10	老化前	37.50	36.00	1.50	0.04	5/4	1322
90∶10	老化后	52.00	44.00	8.00	0.18	12/10	2016	20.8
85∶15	老化前	52.00	50.00	2.00	0.04	6/5	1200
85∶15	老化后	65.00	52.00	13.00	0.25	13/12	1620	24.4
80∶20	老化前	64.50	58.00	6.50	0.11	7/6	1080
80∶20	老化后	77.50	62.00	15.50	0.25	15/14	1226	28.0
75∶25	老化前	80.00	66.00	14.00	0.21	11/10	863
75∶25	老化后	107.50	79.00	28.50	0.36	27/20	890	46.4
70∶30	老化前	99.00	78.00	21.00	0.27	16/14	742
70∶30	老化后	137.50	97.00	40.50	0.42	42/30	554	50.4
注：老化条件为230 ℃×16 h，FL_HTHP测定条件为180 ℃、3.5 MPa。

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表 4 不同密度对钻井液性能的影响(60 ℃)

ρ/（g·cm⁻³）	老化状态	AV/mPa·s	PV/mPa·s	YP/Pa	YP/PV/（Pa/mPa·s）	φ₆/φ₃	ES/V	FL_HTHP/mL
1.6	老化前	26.50	25.00	1.50	0.06	4/3	463	-
1.6	老化后	52.50	42.00	10.50	0.25	15/14	2013	35.0
1.7	老化前	29.50	27.50	2.00	0.07	4/3	592	-
1.7	老化后	54.00	43.00	11.00	0.26	14/13	1843	33.8
1.8	老化前	32.50	30.00	2.50	0.08	4/3	718	-
1.8	老化后	55.00	44.00	11.00	0.25	14/13	1673	32.6
1.9	老化前	49.00	44.00	5.00	0.11	5/4	904	-
1.9	老化后	66.00	52.00	14.00	0.27	15/14	1450	30.0
2.0	老化前	64.50	58.00	6.50	0.11	7/6	1080	-
2.0	老化后	77.50	62.00	15.50	0.25	15/14	1226	28.0
注：老化条件为230 ℃×16 h，FL_HTHP测定条件为180 ℃、3.5 MPa。

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表 5 不同温度对钻井液性能的影响(60 ℃)

T/℃	AV/mPa·s	PV/mPa·s	YP/Pa	YP/PV/（Pa/mPa·s）	φ₆/φ₃	ES/V	FL_HTHP/mL
230	77.50	62.00	15.50	0.25	15/14	1226	28.0
240	85.00	69.00	16.00	0.23	20/19	1360	87.0
250	95.00	76.00	19.00	0.25	26/24	1505	95.0
260	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
注：FL_HTHP测定条件为180 ℃、3.5 MPa。

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表 6 超高温油基钻井液的高温高压流变性能测试

T/℃	P/MPa	AV/mPa·s	PV/mPa·s	YP/Pa	φ₆/φ₃
65	0.1	56.70	43.40	13.30	20/19
65	70	44.25	40.50	3.75	4/3
150	90	40.25	38.00	2.25	4/3
160	110	39.70	36.90	2.80	4/3.5
170	130	42.30	39.20	3.10	4/3.5
180	150	43.75	41.00	2.75	3.5/3

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