水基钻井液用抗超高温两性离子聚合物降滤失剂的合成

王佚婷; 李大奇; 杨帆; 石楠; 李轩

doi:10.12358/j.issn.1001-5620.2026.04.002

水基钻井液用抗超高温两性离子聚合物降滤失剂的合成

doi: 10.12358/j.issn.1001-5620.2026.04.002

中石化石油工程技术研究院有限公司, 北京 102206

基金项目: 国家科技重大专项课题“高效能井筒工作液”（2025ZD1401304）。

详细信息

作者简介:
王佚婷，研究实习员，硕士，现在主要从事油田化学剂相关的科研工作。电话（010）56606542；E-mail：wangyt2000@126.com

中图分类号: TE254.4
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2026-01-03
- 修回日期: 2026-04-15
- 刊出日期: 2026-07-30

Synthesis of Ultra-High Temperature Zwitterionic Polymer Fluid Loss Reducer for Water-Based Drilling Fluids

Sinopec Research Institute of Petroleum Engineering Co., Ltd., Beijing 102206

摘要

摘要: 针对当前水基钻井液聚合物降滤失剂功能基团密度不足的问题，采用以含有羟基和磺酸基的多功能基团单体A代替单功能基团单体AMPS，与AA、DMDAAC及聚醚类单体H通过自由基共聚合成四元共聚物降滤失剂，并系统考察其抗超高温、抗盐降滤失性能及配伍性。将A、AA、DMDAAC和H通过自由基共聚合成四元共聚物降滤失剂PADH，并考察PADH抗超高温、抗盐降滤失剂性能。结果表明，在240 ℃老化16 h后，2%聚合物降滤失剂对淡水浆、盐水浆、饱和盐水浆的API滤失量降低率均大于80%，其中在淡水浆中加入2%该聚合物，即使老化温度为260 ℃，仍能有效控制滤失量。与磺化褐煤（SMC）有良好的配伍性，复配后钻井液流变性易于控制，240 ℃老化16 h后API滤失量降低至1.8 mL，高温高压滤失量降低至24 mL。研究表明，该四元共聚物降滤失剂兼具优异的抗高温稳定性与抗盐污染能力，可满足超高温地层、盐膏层等复杂钻井工况需求，为超高温聚合物降滤失剂的分子设计及盐水基超高温钻井液体系构建提供了理论依据与技术支撑。
- 水基钻井液 /
- 超高温高盐 /
- 聚合物 /
- 降滤失剂 /
- 多功能基团单体 /
- 基团密度
Abstract: Polymer filter loss reducers presently used in water-based drilling fluids have a problem of insufficient functional group density. To address this problem, a multifunction monomer A with hydroxyl and sulfonic acid group is used to replace the single-functional group monomer AMPS to react with AA, DMDAAC and polyether monomer H. The product of the free-radical copolymerization reaction is a quaterpolymer filter loss reducer. The ultra-high-temperature performance, salt-resistance, filtration control property and compatibility of this filter loss reducer was systematically investigated. The results show that after aging at 240 ℃ for 16 hours, a freshwater mud, a saltwater mud and a saturated saltwater mud, each containing 2% of the synthesized filter loss reducer, have API fluid losses that were reduced by 80%. Among these drilling fluids, the freshwater mud, which contains 2% of the filter loss reducer, still exhibits filtration control capacity even after being aged at 260 ℃. This filter loss reducer is excellently compatible with sulfonated lignite (SMC), and the use of the filter loss reducer with SMC makes the drilling fluid rheology easy to control; a drilling fluid treated with the filter loss reducer and SMC, after being aged at 240 ℃ for 16 hours, has an API filter loss of only 1.8 mL and an HTHP filter loss of only 24 mL. The research shows that the quaterpolymer filter loss reducer exhibits both excellent high-temperature stability and salt contamination resistant capacity, making it suitable for use in complex drilling conditions, such as drilling ultra-high-temperature formations and salt and gypsum formations. It provides a theoretical basis and technical support for the molecular design of ultra-high-temperature polymer filter loss reducer and the formulation of ultra-high-temperature saltwater-based drilling fluid system.
- Water-based drilling fluid /
- Ultra-high temperature and high salinity /
- Polymer /
- Filter loss reducer /
- Multifunctional group monomer /
- Functional group density

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图 1 共聚物降滤失剂PADH结构式

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图 2 共聚物降滤失剂PADH的FTIR谱图

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图 3 共聚物降滤失剂PADH的热重曲线

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图 4 聚合物降滤失剂PADH的降滤失作用机理

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图 5 降滤失剂PADH加入前后淡水浆泥饼SEM图

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表 1 常温下PADH加量对淡水基浆的影响

PADH/%	AV/mPa·s	PV/mPa·s	YP/Pa	FL_API/mL
0	5.5	3	2.5	21.2
0.1	15.0	12	3.0	8.4
0.3	19.5	14	5.5	7.6
0.5	30.0	20	10.0	7.2
0.7	42.5	26	16.5	6.8
0.9	51.0	30	21.0	5.6
1.1	69.0	43	26.0	5.6
1.3	76.5	46	30.5	5.6

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表 2 降滤失剂PADH加量对淡水基浆的影响

PADH/ %	老化条件	AV/ mPa·s	PV/ mPa·s	YP/ Pa	FL_API/ mL	FL_HTHP/ mL
0	老化前	9.5	4	5.5
0	240 ℃、16 h	7.5	7	0.5	30.0	83
0.50	老化前	33.5	21	12.5
0.50	240 ℃、16 h	5.0	5	0	10.0	38
0.75	老化前	47.5	29	18.5
0.75	240 ℃、16 h	3.5	3	0.5	8.4	38
1.00	老化前	57.5	36	21.5
1.00	240 ℃、16 h	5.0	5	0	6.8	35
1.50	老化前	86.5	48	38.5
1.50	240 ℃、16 h	5.5	5	0.5	6.8	34
2.00	老化前	110	73	37.0
2.00	240 ℃、16 h	5.0	5	0	6.0	29
注：高温高压滤失量测试条件为180 ℃、3.5 MPa。

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表 3 不同老化温度下2% PADH淡水钻井液的基本性能

实验条件	AV/ mPa·s	PV/ mPa·s	YP/ Pa	FL_API/ mL	FL_HTHP/mL （180 ℃）
老化前	114.0	74	40.0
200 ℃、16 h	5.5	5	0.5	8.0	31
老化前	115.0	76	39.0
220 ℃、16 h	6.0	6	0	6.8	31
老化前	113.0	75	38.0
230 ℃、16 h	5.5	5	0.5	6.4	28
老化前	110.0	73	37.0
240 ℃、16 h	5.0	5	0	6.0	29
老化前	109.0	71	38.0
250 ℃、16 h	5.5	5	0.5	6.0	27
老化前	110.0	71	39.0
260 ℃、16 h	5.5	5	0.5	7.2	29
注：高温高压滤失量的测试温度为180 ℃。

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表 4 不同浓度盐水基浆添加2% PADH前后钻井液的性能

NaCl/ %	PADH/ %	实验条件	AV/ mPa·s	PV/ mPa·s	YP/ Pa	FL_API/ mL
4	0	老化前	6.0	2.0	4.0
	0	240 ℃、16 h	9.5	2.0	7.5	132.0
	2	老化前	59.0	34.0	25.0
	2	240 ℃、16 h	15.0	6.0	9.0	23.2
10	0	老化前	6.5	2.0	4.5
	0	240 ℃、16 h	6.5	2.0	4.5	194.0
	2	老化前	59.5	33.0	26.5
	2	240 ℃、16 h	22.5	4.0	18.5	32.0
20	0	老化前	10.0	4.0	6.0
	0	240 ℃、16 h	6.5	3.0	3.5	250.0
	2	老化前	56.5	35.0	21.5
	2	240 ℃、16 h	42.5	8.0	34.5	28.2
36	0	老化前	11.0	4.0	7.0
	0	240 ℃、16 h	8.0	4.0	4.0	240.0
	2	老化前	45.5	37.0	8.5
	2	240 ℃、16 h	34.0	3.0	31.0	31.0

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表 5 PADH与SMC复配对饱和盐水钻井液性能的影响

SMC/ %	PADH/ %	实验条件	AV/ mPa·s	PV/ mPa·s	YP/ Pa	FL_API/ mL	FL_HTHP/ mL
3	0	老化前	25.5	9	16.5
3	0	240 ℃、16 h	12.0	9	3.0	118.0
0	2.0	老化前	57.5	40	17.5
0	2.0	240 ℃、16 h	53.0	14	39.0	66.0
3	2.0	老化前	62.5	46	16.5
3	2.0	240 ℃、16 h	44.0	23	21.0	9.0	49
2	3.0	老化前	95.0	70	25.0
2	3.0	240 ℃、16 h	69.5	28	41.5	6.0	34
4	3.5	老化前	120.0	80	40.0
4	3.5	240 ℃、16 h	84.5	31	53.5	1.8	24
注：钻井液配方：4%膨润土+X%SMC+Y%PADH+0.8%NaOH+36%NaCl。

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