改性纳米SiO<sub>2</sub>在钻井液中的作用机理

刘腾蛟; 张现斌; 闫晓婷; 陈亚宁; 王如雪; 梁炜镇

doi:10.12358/j.issn.1001-5620.2026.04.001

改性纳米SiO₂在钻井液中的作用机理

doi: 10.12358/j.issn.1001-5620.2026.04.001

刘腾蛟^{1, 2,},
张现斌^{1, 2, ,},
闫晓婷^{1, 2},
陈亚宁²,
王如雪^{1, 2},
梁炜镇^{1, 2}

1.
天津市复杂条件钻井液企业重点实验室, 天津 300280
2.
中国石油集团渤海钻探泥浆技术服务分公司, 天津 300280

基金项目: 中国石油天然气集团有限公司科技项目“复杂结构井钻完井工程技术与装备研制”（2023ZZ27）；中国石油集团渤海钻探工程有限公司科技项目“超深井抗高温水基钻井液体系研究”（2025ZD06F）。

详细信息

作者简介:
刘腾蛟，1989年生，工程师，硕士，主要从事钻井液技术研究工作。电话15822666730；E-mail：liutengjiao8@cnpc.com.cn

通讯作者:
张现斌，博士，正高级工程师，现在从事钻井液技术研究和管理工作。E-mail：zhangxbin@cnpc.com.cn。

中图分类号: TE254.3
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2026-01-20
- 修回日期: 2026-03-13
- 刊出日期: 2026-07-30

Mechanism of Modified Nano-SiO₂ Used in Drilling Fluids

Liu Tengjiao^{1, 2
,},
Zhang Xianbin^{1, 2
, ,},
Yan Xiaoting^{1, 2},
Chen Yaning²,
Wang Ruxue^{1, 2},
Liang Weizhen^{1, 2}

1.
Tianjin Key Laboratory of Drilling Fluids under Complex Conditions, Tianjin 300280
2.
Drilling Fluid Technology Services of CNPC Bohai Drilling Engineering Company Limited, Tianjin 300280

摘要

摘要: 随着油气勘探逐步向深层、复杂地层以及非常规油气藏等领域迈进，钻井液在高温高压的极端井下环境中，正面临着井壁失稳与自身性能急剧恶化的双重严峻挑战。纳米二氧化硅（SiO₂）在提升钻井液性能方面展现出巨大潜力，但固有的团聚效应限制了其应用，需通过表面改性，充分发挥其纳米优势并赋予特定功能。系统综述了改性纳米SiO₂在钻井液中的作用机理与研究进展，重点剖析了其在稳定井壁中的物理封堵、化学抑制与界面调控等多重协同机制，系统梳理了改性纳米SiO₂作为核心功能组分在优化钻井液流变性、滤失控制与润滑性等方面的应用；系统评述了改性纳米SiO₂基智能响应型复合材料的前沿研究进展，揭示了其温度响应等智能行为在实现地层自适应封堵与性能调控方面的巨大潜力。尽管当前针对改性纳米SiO₂的研究已在表面改性技术、性能调控机制及多领域应用等方面取得突破性进展，展现出广阔的产业化前景，但其在材料的经济化、规模化制备与长期稳定性方面仍存在亟待突破的瓶颈，未来研究需着力解决上述问题，以推动改性纳米SiO₂在钻井液中的规模化现场应用。
- 钻井液 /
- 纳米SiO₂ /
- 表面改性 /
- 流变性能 /
- 井壁稳定
Abstract: As oil and gas exploration gradually extends to deep and complex formation drilling as well as unconventional oil and gas reservoirs, drilling fluids in high temperature high pressure downhole environment are faced with dual severe challenges of wellbore instability and rapid deterioration of their own properties. Nano-silica (SiO₂) exhibits great potential in enhancing the properties of a drilling fluid, its inherent agglomeration effect, however, restricts its application. To fully exert the nano-advantages of SiO₂ and to endow it with specific functions, it is necessary to render surface modification to SiO₂. This paper systematically reviews the mechanism and research progress of modified nano-SiO₂ in drilling fluids, focusing on the multiple synergistical mechanisms of nano-SiO₂ in physical plugging, chemical inhibition and interfacial regulation in wellbore stabilization. The application of modified nano-SiO₂ as the core additive in optimizing drilling fluid rheology, controlling fluid loss and lubricating is also systematically summarized. The cutting-edge research advances of modified nano-SiO₂-based smart responsive composite materials are comprehensively reviewed, and the huge potential of their smart behaviors, such as temperature responsiveness, in achieving formation-adaptative plugging and performance regulation are revealed. Although breakthroughs have been made currently in surface modification technology, property regulation mechanism and multifield applications of modified nano-SiO₂, demonstrating broad industrialization prospects, bottlenecks still need to be urgently broken through in the mechanical and large-scale preparation as well as long-term stabilization of modified nano-SiO₂ materials. Strength should be given in future research to solving the problems aforementioned to push forward the large-scale application of modified nano-SiO₂ in drilling fluids.
- Drilling fluid /
- Nano-SiO₂ /
- Surface modification /
- Rheological property /
- Wellbore stabilization

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参考文献(44)

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