Pressure Transmission Efficiency and Changing Pattern of Hydrostatic Pressure of Cement Slurries
-
摘要: 固井水泥浆静液柱压力下降被认为是造成早期环空气窜的主要诱因之一，而环空气窜是阻碍油气井正常开采的关键原因，然而当前研究对于加压条件下的静液柱压力变化规律研究较少。因此利用自研仪器开展了固井水泥浆在间隔30 min在4.5 MPa下持续憋压5 min的分段憋压条件下的静液柱压力实验，同时针对现场油气井难以完成静液柱压力测试实验的现状，完成了现场水泥浆体系不同温度下的静液柱压力和静胶凝强度实验，并结合测井结果，针对浆体性能进行了改进。结果表明，候凝过程中水泥浆体的传压效率与静液柱压力变化规律类似，均为先保持平稳，至快速失重点后快速下降，完全失重后，传压效率降为0。在中高温情况下，现场水泥浆静液柱压力与静胶凝强度的差异较小，可利用静胶凝强度来参考失重时间。低温条件下出现了水泥浆失重时间随温度升高而降低的现象，对照测井结果显示，先失重的浆柱的传压效率降低至0，井口憋压数值无法有效传递至下部，使得固井质量降低。通过调整配方，延长缓凝水泥浆体系的失重时间，成功提高了固井质量。Abstract: The decline of the hydrostatic pressure of a cement slurry is considered to be one of the main causes resulting in early annular gas channeling, and annular gas channeling in turn is a key factor hindering normal oil and gas production. However, quite few studies are conducted on the changing pattern of hydrostatic pressure under pressure conditions. To deal with this situation, hydrostatic pressure experiments on well cement slurries under stepwise pressure holding conditions (sustained pressure holding at 4.5 MPa for 5 minute in 30-minute intervals) were conducted using a self-developed instrument. Meanwhile, considering the difficulty of conducting hydrostatic pressure experiments in field oil and gas wells, cement slurry samples taken from a field well were used to conduct hydrostatic pressure and static gel strength tests at different temperatures. The test results, combined with well logging data, were used to modify the properties of the cement slurry. The results show that during the WOC period, the pressure transmission efficiency of the cement slurry exhibit a changing pattern similar to that of the hydrostatic pressure: both remain stable at first, then decrease rapidly after reaching the fast weightlessness point, and the pressure transmission efficiency drops to 0 after complete weightlessness. At medium- to high-temperatures, there’s only a small difference exists between the hydrostatic pressure and the gel strength of the cement slurry, and thus the gel strength can be used to estimate the time at which the weightlessness of the cement slurry is reached. At low temperatures, the weightlessness time of the cement slurry decreases with increasing temperature, and from the well logging data it can be seen that the pressure transmission efficiency of the cement slurry that loses weight first drops to 0, the pressure held at the wellhead cannot be effectively transmitted to the lower part of the well, thereby impairing the quality of the well cementing job. By adjusting the composition of the cement slurry to prolong the weightlessness time of the retarded cement slurry, the quality of the well cementing operation has been successfully improved.
-
表 1 水泥浆柱静液柱压力与传压效率
时间段
$ {t}_{n} $时间段/
min憋压
$ {p}_{0} $/
MPa静液柱压力/MPa $\varPhi \left({t}_{n}\right) $/
%最小值$ {p}_{1}\left({t}_{n}\right) $ 平均值$ {p}_{2}\left({t}_{n}\right) $ 1 45～50 4.5 0.338 4.549 93.57 2 80～85 4.5 0.359 4.297 87.51 3 105～110 4.5 0.348 4.401 90.06 4 145～150 4.5 0.342 4.303 88.02 5 185～190 4.5 0.388 4.240 85.60 6 225～230 4.5 0.362 3.565 71.17 7 280～285 4.5 0.398 2.839 54.24 8 305～310 4.5 0.326 1.645 29.31 9 350～355 4.5 0 0 0 
下载: 导出CSV
表 2 A水泥浆体系75～140 ℃的快速失重时间点
T/℃ 水泥浆 快速失重时间点/h 静胶凝强度时间点/h 75 缓凝 13.50 23.50 80 缓凝 17.01 21.25 85 缓凝 16.08 20.80 90 缓凝 19.63 17.66 95 缓凝 19.23 14.01 100 缓凝 14.71 14.17 105 缓凝 12.65 12.51 110 快干 6.66 6.51 120 快干 5.55 4.08 130 快干 4.25 3.17 140 快干 3.00 3.08
下载: 导出CSV
-
[1] LIU K Q, CHENG X W, GAO X S, et al. Effect of the hydration rate and microstructure of Portland cement slurry on hydrostatic pressure transfer[J]. Powder Technology, 2019, 352: 251-261. doi: 10.1016/j.powtec.2019.04.066 [2] 刘洋, 陈敏, 史芳芳, 等. 水泥浆失重压力评价技术研究与应用[J]. 钻井液与完井液, 2019, 36(6): 749-753.LIU Yang, CHEN Min, SHI Fangfang, et al. Study and application of a technology for evaluating pressure loss of cement plug[J]. Drilling Fluid & Completion Fluid, 2019, 36(6): 749-753. [3] 张波, 管志川, 张琦, 等. 高压气井环空压力预测与控制措施[J]. 石油勘探与开发, 2015, 42(4): 518-522. doi: 10.11698/PED.2015.04.15ZHANG Bo, GUAN Zhichuan, ZHANG Qi, et al. Prediction of sustained annular pressure and the pressure control measures for high pressure gas wells[J]. Petroleum Exploration and Development, 2015, 42(4): 518-522. doi: 10.11698/PED.2015.04.15 [4] 郭建华, 郑有成, 李维, 等. 窄压力窗口井段精细控压压力平衡法固井设计方法与应用[J]. 天然气工业, 2019, 39(11): 86-91. doi: 10.3787/j.issn.1000-0976.2019.11.011GUO Jianhua, ZHENG Youcheng, LI Wei, et al. Design and application of well cementing technology based on the precise managed pressure balancing method in narrow pressure window hole sections[J]. Natural Gas Industry, 2019, 39(11): 86-91. doi: 10.3787/j.issn.1000-0976.2019.11.011 [5] LIU K Q, YANG Y, ZHANG X N, et al. Time-varying characteristics and mechanisms of hydrostatic pressure descent of Portland cement slurry[J]. Powder Technology, 2021, 385: 434-443. doi: 10.1016/j.powtec.2021.03.016 [6] 张更, 李军, 柳贡慧, 等. 海上高温高压井环空ECD精细预测模型[J]. 钻井液与完井液, 2021, 38(6): 698-704. doi: 10.12358/j.issn.1001-5620.2021.06.006ZHANG Geng, LI Jun, LIU Gonghui, et al. A precise model for prediction of annular ECD in offshore HTHP wells[J]. Drilling Fluid & Completion Fluid, 2021, 38(6): 698-704. doi: 10.12358/j.issn.1001-5620.2021.06.006 [7] 李早元, 李进, 郭小阳, 等. 固井早期气窜预测新方法及其应用[J]. 天然气工业, 2014, 34(10): 75-82. doi: 10.3787/j.issn.1000-0976.2014.10.011LI Zaoyuan, LI Jin, GUO Xiaoyang, et al. A new method of predicting gas channeling at the early stage of cementing[J]. Natural Gas Industry, 2014, 34(10): 75-82. doi: 10.3787/j.issn.1000-0976.2014.10.011 [8] 刘开强, 郑友志, 冯予淇, 等. 深井固井水泥浆凝固阶段的传压效率时变规律[J]. 天然气工业, 2024, 44(8): 125-132.LIU Kaiqiang, ZHENG Youzhi, FENG Yuqi, et al. Change laws of pressure transferring efficiency over time in the setting stage of cement slurry in deep wells[J]. Natural Gas Industry, 2024, 44(8): 125-132. [9] LIU K Q, YU J J, XIA Y, et al. Quantitative determination of the hydrostatic pressure of oil-well cement slurry using its hydration kinetics[J]. Construction and Building Materials, 2022, 340: 127704. doi: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2022.127704 [10] LIU K Q, CHENG X W, ZHANG X G, et al. Relationship between the microstructure/pore structure of oil-well cement and hydrostatic pressure[J]. Transport in Porous Media, 2018, 124(2): 463-478. doi: 10.1007/s11242-018-1078-2 [11] 周焱, 蒋宇, 罗健侨, 等. 固井环空逐级憋压候凝方法研究与应用[J]. 石油工业技术监督, 2022, 38(10): 45-50. doi: 10.20029/j.issn.1004-1346.2022.10.010ZHOU Yan, JIANG Yu, LUO Jianqiao, et al. Research and application of step-by-step pressure-holding solidifying in cementing annulus[J]. Technology Supervision in Petroleum Industry, 2022, 38(10): 45-50. doi: 10.20029/j.issn.1004-1346.2022.10.010 [12] 唐凯, 潘宇强, 沈明华. 防水窜水泥浆体系的研究与应用[J]. 钻采工艺, 2023, 46(2): 27-34. doi: 10.3969/J.ISSN.1006-768X.2023.02.05TANG Kai, PAN Yuqiang, SHEN Minghua. Application of anti-channeling cement slurry in block TAMBOCOCHA in ecuador[J]. Drilling & Production Technology, 2023, 46(2): 27-34. doi: 10.3969/J.ISSN.1006-768X.2023.02.05 [13] 宋鹤, 杨威, 唐俊峰, 等. 耐高温高压超高密度水泥浆体系的室内研究[J]. 钻井液与完井液, 2021, 38(1): 116-121.SONG He, YANG Wei, TANG Junfeng, et al. Laboratory study on an HTHP ultra-high density cement slurry[J]. Drilling Fluid & Completion Fluid, 2021, 38(1): 116-121. [14] 刘华俊. 浅析水泥浆静胶凝强度的测量方法[J]. 石化技术, 2015, 22(8): 101-102. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-0235.2015.08.074LIU Huajun. Discussion on determination method of cement paste gelling strength[J]. Petrochemical Industry Technology, 2015, 22(8): 101-102. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-0235.2015.08.074 [15] ZHANG J J, LI G X, YE W T, et al. Effects of ordinary Portland cement on the early properties and hydration of calcium sulfoaluminate cement[J]. Construction and Building Materials, 2018, 186: 1144-1153. doi: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2018.08.008 [16] 焦利宾, 汪瑶, 代锋, 等. 页岩气井固井分级式环空憋压技术研究与应用[J]. 复杂油气藏, 2024, 17(3): 253-258. doi: 10.16181/j.cnki.fzyqc.2024.03.001JIAO Libin, WANG Yao, DAI Feng, et al. Research and application of staged annular back-pressure technology for shale gas well cementing[J]. Complex Hydrocarbon Reservoirs, 2024, 17(3): 253-258. doi: 10.16181/j.cnki.fzyqc.2024.03.001 [17] 符豪, 李成全, 何彦兵, 等. “分段逐级憋压”固井工艺技术研究与应用[J]. 钻采工艺, 2023, 46(2): 35-40. doi: 10.3969/J.ISSN.1006-768X.2023.02.06FU Hao, LI Chengquan, HE Yanbing, et al. Research and application of cementing technology of "staging and staging pressurization"[J]. Drilling & Production Technology, 2023, 46(2): 35-40. doi: 10.3969/J.ISSN.1006-768X.2023.02.06 [18] 白静静, 王敏, 史才军, 等. 降粘性聚羧酸减水剂的设计合成及在低水胶比水泥-硅灰体系中的作用[J]. 材料导报, 2020, 34(6): 172-179. doi: 10.11896/cldb.19040139BAI Jingjing, WANG Min, SHI Caijun, et al. Design, synthesis of viscosity-reducing polycarboxylate superplasticizer and its influence on cement-silica fume paste with low water-binder ratio[J]. Materials Reports, 2020, 34(6): 172-179. doi: 10.11896/cldb.19040139 [19] 刘洋, 陈敏, 吴朗, 等. 四川盆地窄密度窗口超深井控压固井工艺[J]. 钻井液与完井液, 2020, 37(2): 214-220. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-5620.2020.02.014LIU Yang, CHEN Min, WU Lang, et al. Managed pressure well cementing techniques for wells with narrow safe drilling Windows in Sichuan basin[J]. Drilling Fluid & Completion Fluid, 2020, 37(2): 214-220. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-5620.2020.02.014 [20] YANG R H, HE T S. Influence of liquid accelerators combined with mineral admixtures on early hydration of cement pastes[J]. Construction and Building Materials, 2021, 295: 123659. doi: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2021.123659 -
点击查看大图
图(9) / 表(2)
计量
- 文章访问数: 8
- HTML全文浏览量: 4
- PDF下载量: 1
- 被引次数: 0
