A High Performance Lubricant for Complex Shale Oil Drilling Conditions
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摘要: 针对页岩油钻井中摩阻大、抗温抗盐性不足以及环保要求日益提升等问题，本研究以蓖麻油酸、油酸与正辛醇、异辛醇为原料，通过一锅法成功合成了新型酯基润滑剂 LUBM-1，并系统评价了其结构特征及在水基钻井液体系中的应用性能。FT-IR 表征表明所制备的产物酯化程度高、结构稳定。室内实验结果显示，LUBM-1 在1% 添加量下即可显著降低基浆润滑系数至 0.069，并大幅降低磨斑直径，具有优异的减摩抗磨能力。其润滑膜在高温与高盐环境中保持较好稳定性，200 ℃ 老化后润滑系数降低率仍达 80%以上，30% NaCl 条件下仍保持高效润滑性能，体现出卓越的耐温耐盐能力。进一步将 LUBM-1 应用于水基钻井液中，体系表现出良好的流变稳定性、极低滤失量及强抑制性，同时具有低生物毒性，满足绿色钻井要求。研究结果表明，LUBM-1 能显著提升水基钻井液的润滑性能与井壁稳定能力，为复杂页岩油井的安全、高效、环保钻井提供了可靠的技术方案。Abstract: Shale oil drilling is faced with challenges such as high friction, poor stability of drilling fluid additives in high-temperature high-salinity environment and increasingly stringent environment protection requirement. To address these problems, a novel ester-based lubricant LUBM-1 was developed through one-pot synthesis with raw materials such as ricinoleic acid, oleic acid, n-octanol and iso-octanol. Laboratory experiments were conducted to systematically evaluate LUBM-1 for its molecular structure characteristics and its performance in water-based drilling fluids. FT-IR characterization shows that the synthetic product has high degree of esterification and stable molecular structure. Laboratory drilling fluid experimental results show that a treatment of 1% LUBM-1 can remarkably reduce the friction coefficient of the base drilling fluid to 0.069 and the wear scar diameter, demonstrating an excellent friction reducing and wear resistant ability. The membrane formed by LUBM-1 remains stable in high-temperature and high-salinity environment; after aging at 200 ℃, it still reduces the friction of the drilling fluid by at least 80%, and in a drilling fluid containing 30% NaCl, LUBM-1 still retains high lubrication performance, showing excellent performance in high-temperature high-salinity environment. Water-based drilling fluids treated with LUBM-1 show good rheology, very low filtration rate, strong inhibitive capacity and low bio-toxicity which is required by "green-drilling". The results of the research show that LUBM-1 can significantly enhance the lubricity and borehole wall stabilizing performance of water-based drilling fluids, providing a reliable technical solution for complex shale oil drilling with high safety, high performance and environmental friendliness.
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Key words:
- Ester-based lubricant /
- Water-based drilling fluid /
- Shale oil
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表 1 酯基润滑剂LUBM-1在各项条件下的润滑性能
实验条件 工况/变量 Kf ΔKf/% 不同
润滑
剂基浆 0.65 LUBM-1 0.07 89.2 油酸甲酯 0.10 84.6 PF-LUBE 0.12 81.5 LUBM-1
加量0.5% 0.085 90.2 1.0% 0.068 86.2 1.5% 0.065 85.3 2.0% 0.062 83.8 老化
温度常温 0.070 90.2 140 ℃ 0.095 86.2 160 ℃ 0.102 85.3 180 ℃ 0.110 83.8 200 ℃ 0.140 80.7 NaCl
含量0%
5%0.069
0.07290.2
89.710%
15%0.074
0.08389.5
88.120%
25%0.087
0.09687.6
86.330% 0.106 84.9 
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表 2 高效钻井液性能（160 ℃热滚48 h）
ρ/
g·cm−3实验
条件AV/
mPa·sPV/
mPa·sYP/
PaGel/
Pa/PaFLAPI/
mL1.31 热滚前 31 22 9.3 2.5/4.8 1.3 热滚后 35 24 11.1 2.2/4.7 1.2
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表 3 三种钻井液体系线性膨胀率
钻井液体系 膨胀率/% 膨润土 页岩 油基钻井液体系 3.84 4.55 KCl聚磺钻井液体系 6.12 9.36 高性能水基钻井液体系 4.11 4.98 注：实验条件压力为3.5 MPa，温度为120 ℃。
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