Mechanism and Performance of Bioenzyme-Enhanced DTPA Chelator in Removing Barite Plugging
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摘要: 低温地热井钻遇高压地层时，加重钻井液中的重晶石（BaSO4）在压差作用下侵入地层裂缝，形成难溶性滤饼堵塞渗流通道，导致产能下降。常规酸化措施难以有效溶解重晶石，而以氨基多羧酸盐（如二乙烯三胺五乙酸，DTPA）为主的螯合型解堵剂成为潜在解决方案。该研究以DTPA为主剂，系统考察了反应温度、主剂浓度、生物酶（α-淀粉酶）和碱性转化剂（K2CO3）对重晶石溶蚀效果的影响，通过泥饼溶解实验与扫描电镜（SEM）评价了解堵剂性能，揭示其作用机理。结果表明：①DTPA溶液对重晶石的溶蚀能力随温度升高而增强；在温度为65 ℃时，DTPA的最佳浓度为15%；在此基础上，添加0.5% α-淀粉酶和4% K2CO3可协同提升溶蚀效果，并由此获得了最优的解堵配方（15% DTPA+0.5% α-淀粉酶+4% K2CO3），重晶石的溶蚀能力达35.3 g/L；②SEM分析结果表明，处理后的重晶石颗粒表面呈现多孔破碎形貌，粗糙度显著增加；泥饼溶解实验证实，该解堵剂能高效渗透并溶蚀分散重晶石滤饼；机理研究表明，DTPA通过诱导晶格畸变与螯合作用协同溶解重晶石；③提出了“溶质比”指标，用以表征井壁上重晶石清除效率。不同钻孔中溶质比均大于1，说明该解堵剂可一次性有效清除井壁上附着的滤饼。研究成果为低温地热井钻井储层保护提供了技术参考。Abstract: When drilling low-temperature geothermal wells into high-pressure formations, the barite (BaSO4) in weighted drilling fluids, under the action of differential pressure, invade formation fractures and form insoluble filter cakes to block flow channels, causing production capacity to reduce. Regular acid job measures cannot be used to effectively dissolve barite, thus chelating blocking removing agents composed mainly of aminopolycarboxylates (such as diethylene triamine pentaacetate, DTPA) become a potential solution. Using DTPA as the main agent, the effects of reaction temperature, concentration of the main agent, bioenzyme (α-amylase) and basic conversion agent (K2CO3) on barite dissolution were systematically investigated. The performance of the blocking removing agent was evaluated through filter cake dissolution test and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and the working mechanism was revealed. The results show that: (1) the dissolution capacity of DTPA solution for barite increases with increase in temperature. At 65 ℃, the optimum concentration of DTPA is 15%; adding 0.5% α-amylase and 4% K2CO3 on this basis can synergistically improve the dissolution effect, and an optimum blocking removing formula (15% DTPA + 0.5% α-amylase + 4% K2CO3) was then obtained, with barite dissolution capacity of 35.3 g/L. (2) The results of SEM analyses demonstrate that the barite particles after treatment exhibit porous and fracturing morphology, with roughness significantly increased. Filter cake dissolution experiment confirms that this blocking removing agent can efficiently penetrate into, dissolve and disperse barite filter cakes. Mechanism studies reveal that DTPA dissolves barite synergistically by inducing lattice distortion and chelating. (3) An index of “solute ratio” is presented to characterize the efficiency of removing barite from the borehole wall. The solute ratios in different boreholes are all greater than 1, indicating that the blocking removing agent can effectively remove filter cake attached to the borehole walls in a single treatment. The achievements made in this research provide a technical reference for reservoir protection in low-temperature geothermal well drilling.
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表 1 转化剂对重晶石溶蚀能力的影响
转化剂 溶蚀能力/（g·L−1） 转化剂 溶蚀能力/（g·L−1） 空白 32.1 KCl 25.7 Na2CO3 31.9 KOH 23.5 K2CO3 33.8 CaCl2 
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