Preparation and Performance Evaluation of a Self-Degrading Bridging Temporary Plugging Agent for Drilling Fluids
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摘要: 针对裂缝性低渗储层钻进过程中，屏蔽暂堵剂因粒径较大难以实现致密封堵、且自降解程度低的技术难题，以丙烯酰胺（AM）、对苯乙烯磺酸钠（SSS）为反应单体，双取代丙烯酸β-环糊精酯（β-CD-AA）为交联剂，基于反相微乳化聚合反应原理，采用液体微流控制技术，制备了一种自降解屏蔽暂堵剂SMNP-1，并借助红外光谱仪验证了其分子结构。采用激光粒度分析仪和扫描电镜（SEM），分别对SMNP-1的粒径分布和微观形貌进行了表征，并考察了其吸水膨胀性能、吸附性能、暂堵与解堵性能、自降解性能、承压性能和配伍性能。实验结果表明，在高温下，SMNP-1的吸水体积膨胀率适中，吸附能力强，经高温作用后，SMNP-1的粒径呈正态分布，微观上为纳微米微球；在100、120、140和160 ℃测试条件下，SMNP-1对天然岩心的封堵率分别为96.88%、96.63%、96.57%和95.27%，高温作用240 h后，SMNP-1的解堵率分别为87.22%、89.95%、93.27%和96.13%，自降解率分别高达52.05%、56.40%、63.04%和74.11%，储层保护效果显著。在100 ℃测试条件下，最大驱替压差为55 MPa，升温至160 ℃，仍可实现最大驱动压差为25 MPa，封堵性能优异；SMNP-1对钻井液的流变性能影响较小，可提高钻井液的滤失造壁能力和储层保护效果，并在风险探井新胜1井中成功应用。Abstract: In drilling fractured low-permeability reservoirs, bridging temporary plugging agent particles, because of their large sizes, are difficult to achieve tight plugging, and these particles exhibit low self-degradability. To address these technical challenges, a self-degradable bridging temporary plugging agent SMNP-1 was prepared via inverse microemulsion polymerization and using liquid microfluidics technology. The plugging agent SMNP-1 was synthesized using acrylamide (AM) and sodium p-styrenesulfonate (SSS) as the monomers, and β-cyclodextrin diacrylate ester (β-CD-AA) as the crosslinking agent. The molecular structure of SMNP-1 was verified with infrared spectrometer, and the particle size distribution and micromorphology of SMNP-1 were characterized with laser particle size analyzer and scanning electron microscope (SEM). Laboratory experiments were conducted to investigate SMNP-1 for its water absorption and swelling performance, adsorption performance, temporary plugging and unplugging performance, self-degradability, pressure-bearing capacity, and compatibility. Experimental results demonstrate that at elevated temperatures, SMNP-1 exhibits a moderate volumetric expansion rate after absorbing water, and a strong adsorption capacity. The SMNP-1 particles, after high-temperature treatment, show a normal size distribution and are morphologically nano-micron sized microspheres. At test temperatures of 100 ℃, 120 ℃, 140 ℃ and 160 ℃, the rates of SMNP-1 to plug natural cores are 96.88%, 96.63%, 96.57% and 95.27%, respectively. After 240 h of high temperature exposure, the unplugging rates of SMNP-1 are 87.22%, 89.95%, 93.27% and 96.13%, respectively, and the rates of self-degradation are 52.05%, 56.40%, 63.04% and 74.11%, respectively, demonstrating remarkable reservoir protection effect. At test temperature of 100 ℃, the maximum displacement pressure difference is 55 MPa, and a maximum displacement pressure difference of 25 MPa can still be achieved when the temperature is increased to 160 ℃, demonstrating an excellent plugging performance. SMNP-1 exhibits little effect on the rheology of drilling fluids, it can effectively enhance the wall-building capacity of a drilling fluid after fluid-loss and the reservoir protection effect. SMNP-1 has been successfully applied in the wild-cat well Xinsheng-1.
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表 1 不同温度下岩心的封堵率
T老化/℃ K0/mD K1/mD 封堵率/% 100 0.8017 0.0250 96.88 120 0.8229 0.0277 96.63 140 0.8554 0.0291 96.57 160 0.8793 0.0416 95.27 
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表 2 在基浆中加入不同加量SMNP-1的流变和滤失性能
SMNP-1/
%实验
条件AV/
mPa·sYP/
PaFLAPI/
mLFLHTHP/
mL0 常温 22.0 7.5 100 ℃×16 h 21.5 6.5 4.0 10.4 120 ℃×16 h 21.0 6.0 4.4 11.2 140 ℃×16 h 21.0 6.0 5.0 12.2 160 ℃×16h 20.0 6.0 6.6 14.8 0.5 常温 24.0 8.0 100 ℃×16 h 22.5 7.0 2.8 8.6 120 ℃×16 h 22.5 6.5 3.2 9.0 140 ℃×16 h 22.0 6.5 4.0 9.4 160 ℃×16 h 21.0 6.0 4.6 11.8 1.0 常温 24.0 8.5 100 ℃×16 h 23.0 7.5 2.6 8.2 120 ℃×16 h 22.5 7.0 3.0 8.4 140 ℃×16 h 22.0 7.0 3.4 9.0 160 ℃×16 h 21.5 6.5 4.2 11.4 注：FLHTHP测试温度为对应老化温度。
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表 3 新胜1井三开井段钻井液的流变和滤失性能
井深/
mρ/
g·cm−3FV/
sAV/
mPa·sYP/
PaFLAPI/
mLFLHTHP/
mL3150 1.33 40 25.0 9.0 3.6 12.0 3418 1.34 43 27.0 10.0 3.2 11.2 3757 1.35 54 31.5 11.5 3.6 11.0 3902 1.40 50 33.0 12.0 3.8 11.2 4345 1.43 50 33.5 11.5 3.0 11.0 4666 1.43 61 39.5 14.5 3.6 11.6
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