A New Borehole Wall Stabilizer for Deep Horizontal Drilling of CBM
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摘要: 为解决深层煤岩气水平井中煤岩与煤矸石界面因性质差异导致的失稳掉块问题，以聚乙烯醇（PVA）、单宁酸（TA）为功能单体，硼砂与氯化铁（FeCl3）为双交联剂，通过优化单体配比（PVA∶TA=1∶1）、合成温度（85 ℃）、反应时间（3 h）、体系pH值（7.5）及交联剂加量（0.1%硼砂、0.25%FeCl3），采用水溶液聚合法制备井壁稳定剂WDJ-1。结合傅里叶变换红外光谱（FT-IR）、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、热重分析（TGA）等手段对其结构进行表征，并通过流变性、封堵性、胶结性及抑制性实验评价其性能。结果表明，FT-IR证实WDJ-1中存在O—H、C=O、B—O及Fe—O配位键，单体与交联剂反应充分；SEM显示WDJ-1呈蜂窝状结构，可增加钻井液泥饼致密程度；当WDJ-1加量为2%时，基浆API滤失量从22.4 mL降至3 mL，煤岩-煤矸界面抗剪切强度达0.16 MPa，2 mm缝板封堵压力提升54.5%，泥球48 h吸水率降低10.5%；TGA表明WDJ-1在240 ℃以下热稳定性良好。WDJ-1通过“抑制-封堵-胶结-抗高温”四重协同机理实现井壁稳定，可为深层煤岩气水平井安全高效钻进提供技术支撑。Abstract: A borehole wall stabilizer WDJ-1 was developed to address the problem of borehole wall instability and sloughing caused by property differences at the interface of coal-rock and coal-gangue in horizontal wells for deep coalbed methane (CBM). WDJ-1 was synthesized via aqueous solution polymerization using polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and tannic acid (TA) as functional monomers, and borax and ferric chloride (FeCl3) as dual crosslinking agents. The synthesis was optimized with a monomer ratio of PVA∶TA = 1∶1, a reaction temperature of 85 ℃, a reaction time of 3 h, a system pH of 7.5, and the concentrations of the crosslinking agents (0.1% borax and 0.25% FeCl3). The structure of WDJ-1 was characterized by Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and its performance was evaluated through rheology, plugging capacity, cementation property, and inhibition property experiments. FT-IR confirms the presence of O—H, C=O, B—O, and Fe—O coordination bonds in the molecules of WDJ-1, indicating sufficient reaction between the monomers and the crosslinking agents. SEM reveals that WDJ-1 exhibits a honeycomb structure, which can improve the compactness of the mud cake. A base fluid treated with 2% WDJ-1 has its API fluid loss reduced from 22.4 mL to 3 mL, the shear strength of the coal rock-coal gangue interface reaches 0.16 MPa, the plugging pressure for a 2 mm slot plate increases by 54.5%, and the 48-hour water absorption rate of mud balls is reduced by 10.5%. TGA measurement proves that WDJ-1 exhibits excellent thermal stability below 240 ℃. WDJ-1 stabilizes wellbore through the four-fold synergistic mechanism of “inhibition-plugging-bonding-high temperature resistance”, and the use of which can provide technical support for the safe and efficient drilling of horizontal wells in deep CBM reservoirs.
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表 1 合成单体对生成物API滤失量的影响
PVA∶TA FLAPI/mL PVA∶TA FLAPI/mL 室温 120 ℃老化后 室温 120 ℃老化后 5∶1 6.8 8.4 1∶2 6.8 7.2 4∶1 6.4 8.0 1∶3 7.2 7.8 3∶1 6.4 7.8 1∶4 7.6 8.2 2∶1 6.0 7.4 1∶5 7.8 8.6 1∶1 5.6 6.4 
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表 2 WDJ-1加量对基浆流变性和滤失量的影响
WDJ-1/
%AV/
mPa·sPV/
mPa·sYP/
PaYP/PV
Pa/mPa·sFLAPI/
mL0 3.5 2 1.5 0.75 22.4 0.5 3.5 2 2.0 0.75 12.4 1.0 3.5 2 2.0 0.75 10.0 1.5 4.0 2 2.0 1.00 6.0 2.0 4.5 3 1.5 0.50 3.0 2.5 4.5 3 1.5 0.50 2.8
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