Research on and Application of Near-Oil-Based Drilling Fluid System
-
摘要: 针对目前油基钻井液配制成本高、含油钻屑后处理压力大等问题，开展了近油基钻井液技术研究。在“近油基”设计理念的指导下，研制出近油基基液ZYBL，其具有吸附成膜阻水、低水活度反渗透吸水、超强抑制、高润滑等特性。以20%近油基基液为基础和连续相，配套流型调节剂、降滤失剂、封堵剂、抑制增强剂、固壁剂等不同功能处理剂，构建并优化形成了机理与油基钻井液相近、性能与油基钻井液相当、且绿色环保的近油基钻井液体系，开展了钻井液性能系统评价及现场规模应用。钻井液密度在1.15～2.55 g/cm3范围内可调，密度为1.15 g/cm3时，钻井液水活度为0.651，钻井液抗温达180 ℃；岩屑一次回收率为99.80%；极压润滑系数为0.034，泥饼黏附系数为0.0524；中压滤失量为0 mL，高温高压滤失量为6.6 mL；抗污染及储层保护效果突出；EC50值为139 700 mg/L，无生物毒性。近油基钻井液在抑制、润滑、储层保护等方面的性能与油基钻井液相当，配制成本明显低于油基钻井液，且具有油基钻井液所不具备的环保优势。截至目前，近油基钻井液已在新疆、川渝、中原、东北等工区现场应用55口井，表现出突出的井壁稳定、润滑防卡、提高钻速、循环降温、综合成本低等效果。近油基钻井液代表了国内外水基钻井液的主流发展方向，适用于高温深井超深井、页岩油气长水平井、强水敏性泥岩水平井等复杂工况，实现绿色、安全、经济、高效钻井，可加快“水替油”技术目标实现，经济效益和社会效益显著，推广应用前景广阔。Abstract: In recent years many studies have been conducted on near-oil-based drilling fluids to overcome the problems encountered in using oil-based drilling fluids such as high formulation cost and difficulties in addressing the oily cutting treatment problem. Based on the “near-oil-based” designing idea, a near-oil base fluid ZYBL was developed. ZYBL exhibits these features such as hydrophobicity through filming, water absorption through low water-activity reverse osmosis, ultra-strong inhibitive capacity and high lubricity etc. A near-oil-based drilling fluid was formulated with 20% ZYBL as the continuous phase and other additives of different functions such as rheology additives, filtration control agents, plugging agents, inhibitive agents and borehole wall strengthening agents. This near-oil-based drilling fluid has the working mechanism and properties that are similar to those of an oil-based drilling fluid, and is environmentally friendly. The density of this near-oil-based drilling fluid can be adjusted between 1.15 g/cm3 and 2.55 g/cm3. When the density of the drilling fluid is 1.15 g/cm3, the water activity is 0.651. This near-oil-based drilling fluid functions normally at temperatures up to 180 ℃ Laboratory experimental results show that the primary recovery rate of cuttings is 99.8%, the extreme-pressure coefficient of friction is 0.034, the mud cake adhesion coefficient is 0.0524, the API filtration rate is 0 mL, and the HTHP filtration rate is 6.6 mL. The near-oil-based drilling fluid exhibits good contamination resistance and reservoir protection capacity. An EC50 value of 139,700 mg/L means that it has no bio-toxicity. This near-oil-based drilling fluid in several aspects, such as shale inhibition, lubricity and reservoir protection etc., is similar to an oil-based drilling fluid. The cost of formulating this near-oil-based drilling fluid is significantly lower than that of formulating an oil-based drilling fluid. Field application of this near-oil-based drilling fluid on 55 wells in Xinjiang, Chuanyu, Zhongyuan oilfields and in northeast China has proven its advantages in borehole wall stabilization, lubrication, pipe sticking prevention, drilling rate enhancement, bottomhole temperature reduction through circulation, and low overall cost. Near-oil-based drilling fluid represents the mainstream development trend of water-based drilling fluids at home and abroad, it can be used in tough working conditions such as high-temperature deep and ultra-deep wells, long horizontal wells for shale oil and gas, and horizontal wells penetrating highly water-sensitive mudstones; it also enables green, safe, economical and efficient drilling, accelerates the achievement of the “replacing oil with water” technical goal, and delivers remarkable economic and social benefits with broad prospects for popularization and application.
-
表 1 清水及不同水活度近油基基液中泥球质量随时间变化
清水及基液
水活度初始
质量/g浸泡1 d
质量/g浸泡1 d
脱水量/g浸泡3 d
质量/g浸泡3 d
脱水量/g1.000 19.14 28.18 −9.04 / / 0.880 19.77 20.14 −0.37 20.36 −0.59 0.838 19.80 20.00 −0.20 20.08 −0.28 0.746 20.09 19.95 0.14 20.03 0.06 0.682 20.12 19.45 0.67 19.50 0.62 0.648 19.57 18.24 1.33 18.28 1.29 
下载: 导出CSV
表 2 不同密度近油基钻井液性能评价结果
ρ/
g·cm−3AV/
mPa·sPV/
mPa·sYP/
PaYP/PV/
Pa/mPa·sGel/
Pa/PaFLAPI/
mLFLHTHP/
mL润滑系数 黏附系数 pH 1.15 46.5 35 11.5 0.329 2.0/7.5 0 6.6 0.034 0.0524 9.0 1.40 47.5 36 11.5 0.319 3.0/6.5 0 6.4 0.047 0.0612 9.0 1.70 52.5 40 12.5 0.313 4.0/7.5 0 6.0 0.064 0.0787 9.0 2.00 63.5 49 14.5 0.296 5.0/7.0 0 5.4 0.078 0.1228 9.0 2.50 71.5 55 16.5 0.300 5.5/8.5 0 4.6 0.097 0.1228 9.0 2.55 77.0 60 17.0 0.283 5.5/12.5 0 2.8 0.127 0.1228 9.0
下载: 导出CSV
表 3 膨润土柱在不同介质中高温滚动后的回收率
介质种类 热滚前膨润
土柱质量/g热滚后膨润
土柱回收质量/g膨润土柱
回收率/%清水 20.33 3.14 15.45 对比浆 20.32 8.97 44.14 近油基钻井液 20.33 20.86 102.61
下载: 导出CSV
表 4 不同老化温度下近油基钻井液的性能
T老化/℃ AV/mPa·s PV/mPa·s YP/Pa YP/PV/(Pa/mPa·s) Gel/（Pa/Pa） FLAPI/mL FLHTHP/mL pH 120 62.0 45 17.0 0.378 4.0/16.0 0 5.2 9.0 150 54.0 41 13.0 0.317 3.5/13.0 0 5.4 9.0 170 51.0 39 12.0 0.308 3.5/8.0 0 6.2 9.0 180 46.5 35 11.5 0.329 2.0/7.5 0 6.6 9.0 190 32.0 28 4.0 0.143 1.0/1.5 1.6 18.0 8.0
下载: 导出CSV
表 5 清水、对比浆、近油基钻井液的润滑性能评价结果
配方 极压润滑仪示数 极压润滑系数 润滑系数降低率/% 泥饼黏附系数 黏附系数降低率/% 清水 40.0 0.340 / / / 对比浆 17.0 0.145 / 0.1687 / 近油基钻井液 4.0 0.034 76.55 0.0524 68.94
下载: 导出CSV
表 6 近油基钻井液抗污染性能评价结果
污染源 AV/mPa·s PV/mPa·s YP/Pa YP/PV/(Pa/mPa·s) Gel/(Pa/Pa) FLAPI/mL FLHTHP/mL pH 0 46.5 35 11.5 0.329 2.0/7.5 0 6.6 9.0 36%NaCl 38.0 30 8.0 0.267 3.0/3.5 0 9.2 8.0 5%CaCl2 42.5 30 12.5 0.417 3.5/6.0 2.8 18.0 8.0 30%土 54.0 39 15.0 0.385 7.0/10.0 0.6 9.2 8.5 25%钻屑 42.0 32 10.0 0.313 4.0/8.5 0.8 10.0 8.5 30%水 31.0 25 6.0 0.240 1.0/2.0 3.6 15.0 7.5 20%原油 49.0 40 9.0 0.225 2.0/5.5 1.0 12.0 8.0
下载: 导出CSV
表 7 清水、对比浆滤液、近油基钻井液滤液表面张力评价结果
评价样品 表面张力/（mN·m−1） 表面张力降低率/% 清水 72.300 / 对比浆 36.316 / 近油基钻井液 25.178 30.67
下载: 导出CSV
表 8 近油基钻井液污染岩心的渗透率恢复值评价结果
污染方式 围压/
MPaP前稳/
MPaP后稳/
MPa渗透率
恢复值/%静态污染 6.0 0.355 0.382 92.93 动态污染 6.0 0.421 0.462 91.13
下载: 导出CSV
表 9 近油基钻井液与油基钻井液性能对比结果
钻井液 岩屑回收率/% 极压润滑系数 静态渗透率恢复值/% 动态渗透率恢复值/% EC50/(mg·L−1) 配制成本/元 近油基钻井液 99.80 0.034 92.93 91.13 139 700 3400～6000 油基钻井液 100.00 0.043 93.52 90.76 / 7000～8500
下载: 导出CSV
表 10 近油基钻井液应用过程中取得的高指标统计情况
应用井 取得的高指标情况 松页油2HF井 国内第一口水基钻井液打成的页岩油水平井 丰页1H井 江苏盆地第一口水基钻井液打成的页岩油水平井 顺北53-2H井 近油基钻井液施工最高温度：177 ℃ 兴隆4井 近油基钻井液施工最高密度：2.12 g/cm3 兴隆1-1井 水平位移3881.21 m，创当时国内水平位移最大的三高井纪录 顺北11X井 完钻井深9093 m，创120.65 mm小井眼井深最深亚洲纪录 焦页8-Z1HF井 水平段长2720 m，创当时国内水基钻井液施工水平段最长、涪陵瘦身井水平段最长等多项纪录 焦页26-S2HF井 水平段最大井斜95°，水平段长2033 m，仅用20 h完成测井任务 焦页5-Z7HF井 三开设计钻井周期23 d，实际钻井周期7.65 d，节约钻井周期66.74% 焦页5-Z6HF井 三开设计钻井周期16 d，实际钻井周期7.56 d；单日进尺630 m，刷新国内陆上页岩水基钻井液单日进尺最高纪录 焦页12-检1井 中石化首次在页岩压后地层密闭保型取心施工，取心收获率达93.47%，远超85%的设计指标 焦页66-检3井 未通井情况下连续取心22筒，收获率达99.66% 焦页66-检5井 中石化首次在页岩压后地层的水平段取心及长水平段施工，地质取心收获率99.91%，工程取心收获率99.80%
下载: 导出CSV
表 11 近油基钻井液施工的焦页12-Z3HF井与高性能水基及油基钻井液施工的邻井摩阻对比结果
井号 钻井液 工况 摩阻/t 水平500 m 水平1000 m 水平1500 m 水平2000 m 水平2500 m 焦页12-Z3HF 近油基 起钻 5 8 10 16 / 下钻 4 5 12 15 / 焦页26-ZXHF 高性能水基 起钻 18 28 38 36 42 下钻 16 16 24 38 42 焦页10-ZXHF 高性能水基 起钻 10 16 18 26 / 下钻 10 12 16 24 / 焦页171-SXHF 油基 起钻 16 24 27 / / 下钻 14 15 18 / / 焦页19-ZXHF 油基 起钻 14 24 28 28 / 下钻 10 14 18 18 /
下载: 导出CSV
-
[1] 王中华. 国内钻井液处理剂研究进展、现状分析与发展建议[J]. 钻井液与完井液, 2025, 42(1): 1-19. doi: 10.12358/j.issn.1001-5620.2025.01.001WANG Zhonghua. Research progress, current situation analysis and development suggestions of drilling fluid treatment agents in China[J]. Drilling Fluid & Completion Fluid, 2025, 42(1): 1-19. doi: 10.12358/j.issn.1001-5620.2025.01.001 [2] 王中华. 国内钻井液研究应用现状、存在问题与发展建议[J]. 钻井液与完井液, 2025, 42(4): 425-441.WANG Zhonghua. Research and application status, existing problems and development suggestions of drilling fluid in China[J]. Drilling Fluid & Completion Fluid, 2025, 42(4): 425-441. [3] 孙金声, 王韧, 龙一夫. 我国钻井液技术难题、新进展及发展建议[J]. 钻井液与完井液, 2024, 41(1): 1-30.SUN Jinsheng, WANG Ren, LONG Yifu. Challenges, developments, and suggestions for drilling fluid technology in China[J]. Drilling Fluid & Completion Fluid, 2024, 41(1): 1-30. [4] 肖华, 王广财, 张云达, 等. 一种强抑制植物油基钻井液体系[J]. 钻井液与完井液, 2025, 42(6): 713-720.XIAO Hua, WANG Guangcai, ZHANG Yunda, et al.A highly inhibitive vegetable oil-based drilling fluid[J]. Drilling Fluid & Completion Fluid, 2025, 42(6): 713-720. [5] 刘惠民, 王敏生, 李中超, 等. 中国页岩油勘探开发面临的挑战与高效运营机制研究[J]. 石油钻探技术, 2024, 52(3): 1-10.LIU Huimin, WANG Minsheng, LI Zhongchao, et al. Challenges and efficient operation mechanism of shale oil exploration and development in China[J]. Petroleum Drilling Techniques, 2024, 52(3): 1-10. [6] 高书阳. 苏北陆相页岩油高性能水基钻井液技术[J]. 石油钻探技术, 2024, 52(4): 51-56.GAO Shuyang. Technique of high-performance water-based drilling fluid for continental shale oil in Subei Basin[J]. Petroleum Drilling Techniques, 2024, 52(4): 51-56. [7] 刘向君, 丁乙, 罗平亚, 等. 钻井卸载对泥页岩地层井壁稳定性的影响[J]. 石油钻探技术, 2018, 46(1): 10-16.LIU Xiangjun, DING Yi, LUO Pingya, et al. The impact of drilling unloading on wellbore stability of shale formations[J]. Petroleum Drilling Techniques, 2018, 46(1): 10-16. [8] 张衍君, 王鲁瑀, 刘娅菲, 等. 页岩油储层压裂–提采一体化研究进展与面临的挑战[J]. 石油钻探技术, 2024, 52(1): 84-95.ZHANG Yanjun, WANG Luyu, LIU Yafei, et al. Advances and challenges of integration of fracturing and enhanced oil recovery in shale oil reservoirs[J]. Petroleum Drilling Techniques, 2024, 52(1): 84-95. [9] 唐文泉, 高书阳, 王成彪, 等. 龙马溪页岩井壁失稳机理及高性能水基钻井液技术[J]. 钻井液与完井液, 2017, 34(3): 21-26.TANG Wenquan, GAO Shuyang, WANG Chengbiao,et al. Research on mechanisms of wellbore instability of Longmaxi shale formation and high performance water base drilling fluid technology[J]. Drilling Fluid & Completion Fluid, 2017, 34(3): 21-26. [10] 袁华玉, 程远方, 王伟, 等. 长水平段钻井泥岩井壁坍塌周期分析[J]. 科学技术与工程, 2017, 17(3): 183-189.YUAN Huayu, CHENG Yuanfang, WANG Wei, et al. Analysis on time-dependent wellbore collapse for long horizontal well in shale formation[J]. Science Technology and Engineering, 2017, 17(3): 183-189. [11] 耿铁, 杨洁. 国内外深水钻井液技术进展[J]. 钻井液与完井液, 2025, 42(4): 442-452.GENG Tie, YANG Jie. Advances in deepwater drilling and completion fluid technology at domestic and abroad[J]. Drilling Fluid & Completion Fluid, 2025, 42(4): 442-452. [12] 赵虎, 龙大清, 司西强, 等. 烷基糖苷衍生物钻井液研究及其在页岩气井的应用[J]. 钻井液与完井液, 2016, 33(6): 23-27.ZHAO Hu, LONG Daqing, SI Xiqiang, et al. Study on alkyl polyglucoside derivative drilling fluid and its use in shale gas drilling[J]. Drilling Fluid & Completion Fluid, 2016, 33(6): 23-27. [13] 胡祖彪, 王清臣, 张勤, 等. 长庆油田页岩油井5000 m水平段高性能水基钻井液钻井实践[J]. 钻井液与完井液, 2023, 40(3): 325-331.HU Zubiao, WANG Qingchen, ZHANG Qin, et al. The use of a high performance water based drilling fluid in drilling the 5000 m horizontal section of a shale oil well in Changqing[J]. Drilling Fluid & Completion Fluid, 2023, 40(3): 325-331. [14] 白杨, 翟玉芬, 罗平亚, 等. 四川长宁页岩气长水平段油基钻井液井壁稳定技术[J]. 钻采工艺, 2024, 47(6): 152-158.BAI Yang, ZHAI Yufen, LUO Pingya, et al. Wellbore stabilization technology of oil-base drilling fluid in long horizontal section of shale gas in Changning Block, Sichuan Basin[J]. Drilling and Production Technology, 2024, 47(6): 152-158. [15] 司西强, 王中华, 王伟亮. 聚醚胺基烷基糖苷类油基钻井液研究[J]. 应用化工, 2016, 45(12): 2308-2312.SI Xiqiang, WANG Zhonghua, WANG Weiliang. Study on the similar oil based drilling fluid of polyether amine alkyl glucoside[J]. Applied Chemical Industry, 2016, 45(12): 2308-2312. [16] 刘智勤, 崔应中, 徐超, 等. 南海西部油页岩低芳烃气制油基钻井液技术[J]. 钻井液与完井液, 2025, 42(6): 705-712.LIU Zhiqin, CUI Yingzhong, XU Chao, et al. Technology of low aromatic oil-based gas-to-liquid drilling fluid for oil shale in western south China sea[J]. Drilling Fluid & Completion Fluid, 2025, 42(6): 705-712. [17] 贾俊, 赵向阳, 刘伟. 长庆油田水基环保成膜钻井液研究与现场试验[J]. 石油钻探技术, 2017, 45(5): 36-42.JIA Jun, ZHAO Xiangyang, LIU Wei. Research and field test of water-based environmental-friendly membrane forming drilling fluid technology in changqing oilfield[J]. Petroleum Drilling Techniques, 2017, 45(5): 36-42. [18] 司西强, 王中华, 王伟亮. 龙马溪页岩气钻井用高性能水基钻井液的研究[J]. 能源化工, 2016, 37(5): 41-46.SI Xiqiang, WANG Zhonghua, WANG Weiliang. Study on the high performance water-based drilling fluid in Longmaxi shale gas formation[J]. Energy Chemical Industry, 2016, 37(5): 41-46. [19] 魏风勇, 司西强, 王中华, 等. 烷基糖苷及其衍生物钻井液发展趋势[J]. 现代化工, 2015, 35(5): 48-51.WEI Fengyong, SI Xiqiang, WANG Zhonghua, et al. Progress of alkyl glucoside derivatives as drilling fluid[J]. Modern chemical industry, 2015, 35(5): 48-51. [20] 刘敬平, 孙金声. 页岩气藏地层井壁水化失稳机理与抑制方法[J]. 钻井液与完井液, 2016, 33(3): 25-29.LIU Jingping, SUN Jinsheng. Borehole wall collapse and control in shale gas well drilling[J]. Drilling Fluid & Completion Fluid, 2016, 33(3): 25-29. [21] 宿振国, 王瑞和, 刘均一, 等. 高性能环保水基钻井液的研究与应用[J]. 钻井液与完井液, 2021, 38(5): 576-582.SU Zhenguo, WANG Ruihe, LIU Junyi, et al. Study and application of environmentally friendly high performance water base drilling fluid[J]. Drilling Fluid & Completion Fluid, 2021, 38(5): 576-582. [22] 金文涛, 史玉钊, 邢路, 等. 龙马溪组页岩井壁失稳机理分析及封堵防塌水基钻井液技术研究[J]. 钻采工艺, 2025, 48(4): 214-220.JIN Wentao, SHI Yuzhao, XING Lu, et al. Analysis of wellbore instability mechanism in Longmaxi formation shale and research on water-based drilling fluid technology for plugging and preventing collapse[J]. Drilling and Production Technology, 2025, 48(4): 214-220. [23] 刘智勤, 徐加放, 彭巍, 等. 陵水区块超深水高性能恒流变油基钻井液技术[J]. 钻井液与完井液, 2024, 41(2): 184-190.LIU Zhiqin, XU Jiafang, PENG Wei, et al. A high performance constant rheology oil based drilling fluid for ultra deep water drilling in Lingshui block[J]. Drilling Fluid & Completion Fluid, 2024, 41(2): 184-190. [24] 王晓军, 平善海, 付云博, 等. 抗高温防塌水基钻井液体系研发与现场应用[J]. 石油钻探技术, 2025, 53(2): 62-68.WANG Xiaojun, PING Shanhai, FU Yunbo, et al. Development and application of high temperature resistance and anti-sloughing water-based drilling fluid system[J]. Petroleum Drilling Techniques, 2025, 53(2): 62-68. [25] 刘敬平, 孙金声. 钻井液活度对川滇页岩气地层水化膨胀与分散的影响[J]. 钻井液与完井液, 2016, 33(2): 31-35.LIU Jingping, SUN Jinsheng. Effects of drilling fluid activity on hydration and dispersion of formation rocks in shale gas drilling in Chuan-Dian area[J]. Drilling Fluid & Completion Fluid, 2016, 33(2): 31-35. [26] 张文哲, 孙金声, 王永炜, 等. 延安南部陆相页岩油水平井优质水基钻井液技术实践与思考[J]. 钻采工艺, 2025, 48(2): 195-199.ZHANG Wenzhe, SUN Jinsheng, WANG Yongwei, et al. Technological practice and thoughts on high-quality water-based drilling fluid for shale oil horizontal wells in southern Yan' an[J]. Drilling and Production Technology, 2025, 48(2): 195-199. -
点击查看大图
图(8) / 表(11)
计量
- 文章访问数: 19
- HTML全文浏览量: 9
- PDF下载量: 5
- 被引次数: 0
