超深高压储气库固井水泥浆技术

戢现贵; 余纲; 王海涛; 丁辉; 李鲲鹏; 熊钰丹; 滕兆健

doi:10.12358/j.issn.1001-5620.2026.02.011

超深高压储气库固井水泥浆技术

doi: 10.12358/j.issn.1001-5620.2026.02.011

1.
中国石油集团海洋工程有限公司渤星公司, 天津 300451
2.
塔里木油田开发事业部, 新疆库尔勒841000

基金项目: 国家重大专项“深层煤岩气水平井安全高效钻完井技术攻关与集成应用”（2025ZD1405703）。

详细信息

作者简介:
戢现贵，工程师，1986年生，毕业于西南石油大学，现从事固井水泥浆研究及技术服务工作。电话 17612266063；E-mail：jixg.cpoe@cnpc.com.cn

中图分类号: TE256.3
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2025-10-18
- 修回日期: 2025-11-26
- 刊出日期: 2026-04-08

Cementing Slurry Technology for Ultra-deep and High-pressure Gas Storage

1.
Bo-Xing Company, CNPC Offshore Engineering Company Limited, Tianjin 300451
2.
Tarim Oilfield Development Division, Korla, Xinjiang 841000

摘要

摘要: 随着塔里木油田储气库井向超深高压方向发展，固井工程面临埋藏深、井底温度高、顶替效率低、气窜风险高、交变载荷作用下水泥环易失效等难题，普通的水泥浆难以满足该条件下的固井要求。通过实验优选了三种核心材料：增韧剂BCE-X、自愈合剂BCY-Y和低黏降失水剂BCF-Z，从紧密堆积理论、水灰比调控、顶替效率优化等机理方面探索了提高韧性水泥强度机制，形成了一套适用于超深高压储气库固井的高强度韧性自愈合水泥浆体系，并优化了固井顶替工艺。结果表明，高强度韧性自愈合水泥浆体系密度范围为1.86～1.92 g/cm³，稠化时间可调，API 失水量≤ 50 mL，沉降密度差为0，游离液为0，7 d 弹性模量小于6.0 GPa，90 ℃、7 d抗压强度大于30 MPa。该技术成功应用于塔里木油田牙哈储气库YC-H11井三开尾管固井，全井段固井质量合格率为99.7%、优质率为85.9%，盖层段连续优质水泥环长达25 m以上。结论认为，该技术通过力学性能优化与顶替效率提升的协同作用，显著提升了超深高压储气库固井的长期密封完整性，为同类储气库高效建设提供了可靠技术支撑。
- 储气库 /
- 韧性水泥浆 /
- 超深井 /
- 自愈合水泥浆 /
- 密封完整性 /
- 高压
Abstract: With the drilling of gas storage wells in the Tarim basin towards ultra-deep high-pressure formations, well cementing engineering is confronted with multiple challenges, including deeper well drilling, high bottomhole temperature, low displacement efficiency, high risk of gas channeling, and easy failure of cement sheath under alternating loads. Conventional cement slurries can hardly satisfy the requirements of well cementing under such conditions. To deal with these challenges, a high strength tough self-healing cement slurry system suitable for cementing ultra-deep high-pressure gas-storage wells was developed with three core materials optimally selected through a large number of experiments, which are toughening agent BCE-X, self-healing agent BCY-Y and low viscosity filter loss reducer BCF-Z. In the development of the cement slurry system, the mechanisms of improving the strength of a tough cement slurry were investigated from close-packing theory, water/cement ratio control and displacement efficiency optimization, with the cement displacement process also optimized. The results of the research show that the high strength tough self-healing cement slurry system has a density range of 1.86-1.92 g/cm³, an adjustable thickening time, an API filter loss ≤ 50 mL, a settlement density difference of 0, a free water of 0, a 7-d elastic modulus ＜ 6.0 GPa, and a 7-d compressive strength at90 ℃＞30 MPa. This technology has been successfully applied in cementing the liner of the third-interval in the gas-storage well YC-H11 in the block Yaha in the Tarim oilfield. The percent qualified cementing job of the whole well is 99.7%, the rate of excellent job quality reaches 85.9%, and the continuous high-quality cement sheath in the cap rock section is longer than 25 m. It is concluded that through the synergistic effect of mechanical performance optimization and displacement efficiency enhancement, this technology significantly improves the long-term sealing integrity of ultra-deep high-pressure gas storage wells, providing reliable technical support for efficient construction of similar gas storage wells.
- Gas storage /
- Malleable cement slurry /
- Ultra-deep well /
- Self-healing cement slurry /
- Seal integrity /
- High-pressure

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图 1 BCE-X的粒径分布

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图 2 BCE-X加量与水泥石力学性能的关系

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图 3 自愈合剂BCY-Y的粒径分布

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图 4 自愈合剂BCY-Y的“草莓状”形貌特征

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图 5 自愈合剂BCY-Y的热失重曲线

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图 6 低黏降失水剂BCF-Z的分子结构

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图 7 低黏降失水剂BCF-Z的热失重曲线

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图 8 低黏降失水剂与常规降失水剂A的表观黏度对比

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图 9 YC-H11井尾浆静胶凝强度曲线

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图 10 YC-H11井套管居中度模拟示意图

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图 11 YC-H11井前置液中加入BCS-112 L前后的冲洗效果

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图 12 YC-H11井井底压力当量密度模拟

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图 13 YC-H11井顶替效率模拟示意图

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图 14 YC-H11井IBC测井成果图

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表 1 加入BCE-X的韧性水泥石力学性能与行业标准对比

对比项	ρ/ g·cm⁻³	p_{24 h}/ MPa	p_{7 d}/ MPa	7 d抗拉强度/ MPa	7 d弹性模量/ GPa	7 d气体渗透率/ mD	7 d线性膨胀率/ %
SY/T 7648-2021要求	1.90	≥16.0	≥28.0	≥1.9	≤6.0	≤0.05	0～0.2
BCE-X韧性水泥石	1.90	27.5	35.0	2.5	5.5	0.015	0.1
注：水泥石养护条件为90 ℃×20.7 MPa。

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表 2 BCY-Y在甲烷中的自愈合性能

裂缝类型	裂缝等效宽度/μm	K_a/mD		渗透率降低率/%
裂缝类型	裂缝等效宽度/μm	初期	终期	渗透率降低率/%
人工劈开	133	98.6	21.3	77.9
人工劈开	99.5	40.1	4.9	84.5
微裂缝	22.7	4.566	0.015	99.7
注：实验温度为70 ℃，气体为高纯甲烷。

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表 3 BCF-Z 与普通降失水剂 A 的水泥浆流变性能对比

ρ/ g·cm⁻³	4.5%降失水剂	FL/ mL	流动度/ cm	流变性能
ρ/ g·cm⁻³	4.5%降失水剂	FL/ mL	流动度/ cm	n	K/Pa·sⁿ
常规（1.90 ）	A	44	19	0.67	0.76
常规（1.90 ）	BCF-Z	40	22	0.88	0.33

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表 4 BCE-X与BCY-Y不同加量下水泥石的力学性能及水泥浆流变性能对比

配方	BCE-X/ %	BCY-Y/ %	p_{24 h}/ MPa	p_{7 d}/ MPa	7 d抗拉强度/ MPa	7 d弹性模量/ GPa	n	K/ Pa·sⁿ
1^#	0	0	33.7	41.5	3.1	8.25	0.92	0.35
2^#	3	3	30.6	38.9	2.8	6.46	0.90	0.39
3^#	3	5	29.5	36.2	2.7	6.21	0.89	0.40
4^#	5	3	28.3	35.1	2.6	5.83	0.88	0.41
5^#	5	5	26.9	34.0	2.5	5.65	0.87	0.42
6^#	3	8	24.7	31.5	2.4	5.51	0.85	0.46
7^#	8	3	22.5	28.6	2.3	5.37	0.84	0.47
8^#	5	8	21.3	27.4	2.2	5.40	0.82	0.52
9^#	8	5	19.8	26.3	2.1	5.21	0.81	0.53
10^#	8	8	17.6	23.8	2.0	5.12	0.79	0.60
注：水泥浆基浆配方：天山G级水泥+35%硅粉+增韧剂BCE-X+自愈合剂BCY-Y+4.5%降失水剂BCF-Z+2.5%减阻剂BCD-211L+1.5%缓凝剂BCR-320L+0.5%悬浮剂BCJ-300S+0.5%消泡剂BCX-100L+0.5%抑泡剂D50+水，水泥石养护条件为108 ℃×20.7 MPa。

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表 5 4^#配方不同硅粉掺量下水泥石的抗压强度及水泥浆流变性能对比

配方	200目硅粉/ %	500目硅粉/ %	微硅/ %	p_{24 h}/ MPa	p_{7 d}/ MPa	p_{28 d}/ MPa	n	K/ Pa·sⁿ
4^#-1	35			26.7	32.1	36.7	0.92	0.39
4^#-2		35		27.5	32.9	37.2	0.82	0.53
4^#-3	30	5		27.7	33.6	38.0	0.90	0.41
4^#-4	25	10		28.3	34.1	38.6	0.85	0.48
4^#-5	30	5	3	31.5	36.7	41.5	0.88	0.44
4^#-6	30	5	5	33.6	37.2	42.1	0.86	0.49
4^#-7	30	8		28.5	33.6	38.2	0.83	0.51

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表 6 不同种类降失水剂的水泥石抗压强度对比

降失水剂	减阻剂	水灰比	p_{7 d}/MPa	p_{28 d}/MPa
普通型	BCD-211L	0.41	32.5	38.9
BCF-Z	BCD-211L	0.36	38.3	45.6
注：水泥浆密度为1.90 g/cm³，水泥石养护条件为90 ℃×20.7 MPa。

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表 7 高强度韧性自愈合水泥浆体系的性能

ρ/ g·cm⁻³	t_稠化/ min	△ρ/ g·cm⁻³	流动度/ cm	游离液/ %	FL/ mL
1.86	242	0	22	0	46
1.88	235	0	22	0	44
1.90	227	0	21	0	44
1.92	220	0	21	0	42
注：实验条件为110 ℃×65 MPa×50 min。

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表 8 高强度韧性自愈合与常规水泥石的力学性能

水泥石	围压/ MPa	峰值强度/MPa	峰值应变/%	弹性模量/GPa
常规	0.1	32.8	2.31	8.36
高强度韧性自愈合	0.1	42.3	3.15	6.65
高强度韧性自愈合	20.0	46.8	3.31	5.93
注：水泥石养护条件为90 ℃×20.7 MPa×7 d。

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表 9 YC-H11井韧性自愈合水泥浆关键性能指标

浆体类型	ρ/ g·cm⁻³	t_稠化/ min	t_过渡/ min	起强度时间/min	△ρ/ g·cm⁻³	游离液/ %	FL/ mL	p/ MPa	p_{7 d}/ MPa	7 d抗拉强度/ MPa	7 d弹性模量/ GPa
领浆	1.90	396			0.01	0	38	27.5（48 h）	30.2	2.5	5.76
尾浆	1.90	157	12	261	0.01	0	36	29.1（24 h）	35.3	2.6	5.85

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表 10 不同浆体的流变性能

T/ ℃	流体类型	φ₆₀₀	φ₃₀₀	φ₂₀₀	φ₁₀₀	φ₆	φ₃	n	K/ Pa·sⁿ
93	钻井液	56	30	21	13	2	1	0.89	0.06
108 ↓ 93	隔离液	60	34	26	15	3	2	0.81	0.11
	领浆	>300	221	156	82	7	4	0.89	0.43
	尾浆	>300	231	166	90	8	5	0.85	0.59

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表 11 YC-H11井固井质量评价表

统计数据	总长度/m	合格长度/m	优秀长度/m	合格率/ %	优质率/ %
一界面	773.7	772.2	666.2	99.8	86.1
二界面	773.7	770.6	662.3	99.6	85.6
综合固井	773.7	771.4	664.2	99.7	85.9

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