Research and Application of Elastic Expanding Bridging Efficiency-Enhancing Material
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摘要: 现用桥接堵漏材料对多尺度裂缝和应力敏感裂缝等复杂裂缝地层堵漏效果差，承压有限，易复漏。从提高材料弹韧性和体积膨胀性角度出发，研制出了弹性膨胀型桥堵增效材料，通过组分优化实验得到了材料最优合成配方及条件，室内评价了材料力学性能、膨胀性能和堵漏能力，并开展了现场应用。研究发现，弹性膨胀堵漏材料膨胀前后抗压强度高、弹韧性足，160 ℃老化后体积膨胀倍率可达116.67%。弹性膨胀材料可通过自身弹韧变形和持续三维膨胀提高封堵层致密性，改善封堵层弹韧性，从而增强封堵层承压和抗返吐能力。该材料在西南工区漏失井进行了初步现场应用，堵漏效果良好，具有较好推广前景。Abstract: Current bridging lost circulation materials (LCMs) exhibit poor lost circulation control performance and limited pressure bearing capacity when used in controlling mud losses into complex fractured formations such as those with multiscale fractures and stress-sensitive fractures, and mud losses controlled with these LCMs are easy to re-occur. Based on the idea of enhancing the elasticity and toughness as well as the volumetric expandability of the LCMs, an elastic expanding bridging efficiency-enhancing material was developed. The optimal synthesis formula and conditions were obtained through component optimization experiments. Laboratory evaluations were conducted on the material mechanics, expansion performance and lost circulation control capacity of the elastic expanding bridging efficiency-enhancing material, followed by field application. The research findings show that the elastic expanding bridging efficiency-enhancing material exhibits high compressive strength and good elasticity-toughness before and after expansion. After aging at 160 ℃, the volume of the elastic expanding bridging efficiency-enhancing material can expand to 116.67% of its original volume. Through elastic-tough deformation and continuous three-dimensional expansion, the elastic expanding bridging efficiency-enhancing material can enhance the compactness of the plugging layers and improve their elasticity-toughness, thereby strengthening the pressure-bearing and anti-breathing capacity of the seal. Preliminary field applications of this elastic expanding bridging efficiency-enhancing material in wells with lost circulation in the southwest drilling block have achieved favorable results in mud loss control, demonstrating broad promotion prospects.
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表 1 不同弹性膨胀材料配方组成及产物状态
弹性组分/
份膨胀组分/
份相容
剂/%交联
剂/%交联
条件产物
状态100 10 10 0 相容很差 100 10 30 0 相容一般 100 10 50 0 相容较好 100 10 70 0 相容很好 100 5 50 0 相容很好，较软 100 20 50 0 相容很好，较软 100 30 50 0 相容很好，较软 100 60 50 0 相容很好，较软 100 80 50 0 相容很好，较软 100 60 50 0.1 120 ℃×1.0 MPa 产物较软（25HA） 100 60 50 0.5 120 ℃×1.0 MPa 产物较软（28HA） 100 60 50 1.0 120 ℃×1.0 MPa 产物较硬（33HA） 100 60 50 2.0 120 ℃×1.0 MPa 产物很硬（45HA） 100 60 50 5.0 120 ℃×1.0 MPa 产物很硬（50HA） 100 60 50 2.0 50 ℃×1.0 MPa 产物较软（25HA） 100 60 50 2.0 70 ℃×1.0 MPa 产物较软（26HA） 100 60 50 2.0 100 ℃×1.0 MPa 产物较软（29HA） 100 60 50 2.0 150 ℃×1.0 MPa 产物很硬（46HA） 100 60 50 2.0 120 ℃×0.5 MPa 产物较软（40HA） 100 60 50 2.0 120 ℃×2.0 MPa 产物很硬（46HA） 100 60 50 2.0 120 ℃×5.0 MPa 产物很硬（48HA） 注：相容剂以膨胀组分计，交联剂以弹性组分计。 
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表 2 弹性膨胀堵漏材料对2 mm楔形裂缝堵漏效果
弹性膨胀
堵漏材料/%喷射量/
mL承压能力/
MPa漏失量/
mL抗返吐
能力/MPa0 45 3.9 750 0.3 0.5 22 5.0 130 1.4 注：基浆配方为：4%膨润土浆+0.5%KPAM+0.2%XC+5%刚性碳酸钙（1～3 mm）+6%刚性碳酸钙（0.5～1 mm）+3%海泡石纤维（1～4 mm）；弹性膨胀堵漏材料为0.9～2 mm；抗返吐能力在160 ℃、16 h测定。
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