Research Progress and Key Research Directions of Wellbore Fluids in China and Abroad
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摘要: 井筒工作液是保障非常规与深层超深层油气安全高效勘探开发的关键技术。分别从井筒工作液技术的钻井液、水泥浆、完井液、储层保护和性能智能调控等方面的国内外现状进行了综述，并对技术指标对标。结果表明，我国在非常规高性能水基钻井液、深层超深层井筒工作液方面处于并跑水平；在储层保护技术、智能调控系统等方面处于跟跑水平。随着勘探开发的不断深入，井筒工作液尚不能高效满足深层超深层和非常规领域“更深、更长、更智能”的钻探需求，亟需向环保、高性能和智能化等方向迭代升级，研发完全自主可控的高效能井筒工作液材料、体系、智能测试及调控系统。Abstract: Wellbore working fluids are critical enabling technologies for the safe and efficient exploration and development of unconventional, deep, and ultra-deep oil and gas resources. This paper reviews and benchmarks domestic and international advances in wellbore fluid technologies. The results show that comparable performance has been achieved in high-performance water-based drilling fluids for unconventional reservoirs and in wellbore fluids for deep and ultra-deep applications, while notable gaps remain in reservoir protection technologies and intelligent control systems. With the continuous deepening of exploration and development, existing wellbore working fluids are still insufficient to meet the increasing demands of deeper, longer, and smarter drilling operations. Therefore, further efforts are required to promote iterative upgrading toward environmentally friendly, high-performance, and intelligent wellbore fluid systems, and to develop fully autonomous formulations integrated with advanced testing and control technologies.
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表 1 国内外井筒工作液技术对标
技术名称 国外技术现状 国内技术现状 技术差距 非常规长水平段高性能水基钻井液 应用聚胺、硅酸盐、纳米材料等构建高性能水基钻井液体系，其润滑性、抑制性等指标接近油基钻井液体系，抗温150 ℃，极压润滑系数0.08，应用平均水平段长3000 m 研发纳米封堵剂、环保润滑剂等高性能材料，构建的高性能水基钻井液体系抗温150 ℃，极压润滑系数0.12，在页岩气井中应用平均水平段小于2000 m 润滑性与国外存在差距 抗超高温高盐水基钻井液 基于高温稳定聚合物和磺化体系构建超高温高盐水基体系，该体系室内抗温260 ℃、抗盐10%。在SG-3井（12 262 m，215 ℃）
中应用超支化聚合物处理剂提升水基钻井液体系的抗温、抗盐能力，抗温240 ℃、抗盐饱和，在深地塔科1井（10 910 m， 210 ℃）中应用 国内体系高盐适应能力更强，但关键处理剂抗温能力与国外存在差距 抗超高温水泥浆 降失水剂、缓凝剂抗温260 ℃，水泥浆体系抗温240 ℃，最大应用井深10 628 m（Tiber井） 降失水剂等关键材料抗温240 ℃，水泥浆体系抗温240 ℃，
全球最深固井纪录10 910 m部分关键处理剂抗温能力、体系复合稳定性方面与国外存在差距 抗超高温完井液 无固相水基完井液抗温232 ℃，最高密度2.37 g/cm3 。复合加重水基完井液抗温232 ℃，204 ℃静置5 d后沉降系数为0.51 无固相水基完井液，抗温 230 ℃，密度最高为1.83 g/cm3；水基完井液抗温230 ℃，7 d沉降系数≤0.53，应用温度221 ℃；油基完井液抗温220 ℃ 无固相水基完井液密度、核心材料抗温性能、体系长效稳定性与国外存在差距 复杂储层损害诊断与保护技术 建立多尺度耦合的储层损害评价方法，可降解暂堵剂降解率为80%，封堵承压达10 MPa；界面修饰剂抗温120 ℃，软件具备预测、诊断与配方推荐等功能 以单一工序评价方法为主，可
降解暂堵剂降解率达75%，封堵承压达8 MPa；界面修饰剂抗温100 ℃，诊断软件功能较基础，现场决策能力不足储层损害评价方法、材料抗温性和降解率、专家系统支持方面与国外存在差距 井筒工作液智能材料与调控系统 可感知材料已实现双响应钻井液性能监测参数10项，现场应用40余口井，固井监测与调控系统密度精度为0.02 g/cm3 可感知材料单响应钻井液性能监测参数16项，现场应用100余口井，固井调控系统密度精度为0.03 g/cm3 可感知材料环境感知与响应能力、水泥浆调控精度与国外存在差距 井筒工作液材料智能设计 已建立基于模拟与建模的材料设计平台；通过智能设计方法提高材料筛选效率 初步建立智能钻井液设计平台
开展材料结构性能预测模型构建在模型与实验融合、软件智能化与实时决策能力方面与国外存在差距 
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