A High Efficiency Low Damage Fracturing Fluid for Deep Coalbed Methane Development
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摘要: 为解决开采深部煤层气现有压裂液体系的携砂性差和岩心伤害率高等缺陷。利用超分子聚合物化学原理，并设计和制备出适用于深部煤层气开采的压裂液主剂，通过与表面活性剂物理交联构建出兼具高携砂、低伤害的压裂液体系（HMP/OP），并对其减阻性能、携砂性能、破胶性、岩心伤害性和吸附/解析性能进行测试。结果表明：HMP/OP体系具有高减阻（73%）的特性；在100℃，砂比为20%的条件下，HMP/OP体系的携砂时间和沉降速率分别为110 min和0.8 cm/min；在80℃下，破胶2 h后破胶液黏度和残渣含量分别为4.63 mPa·s和353.12 mg/L；HMP/OP体系的破胶液对岩心的伤害率仅为17.44%。此外，HMP/OP体系在煤岩表面的吸附量仅为0.32 mg/g。在HMP/OP体系中加入0.2 %的促解吸剂（SH-12）后，破胶液对甲烷的解吸量高达1.72 mL/g。基于此，通过物理交联制得HMP/OP体系实现了压裂液的高携砂、低伤害、低吸附和强化甲烷解吸功能，适配煤层气高效开发的工程技术需求。Abstract: In developing deep coalbed methane (CBM), existing fracturing fluids have deficiencies such as poor sand carrying capacity and high core damage. To overcome these deficiencies, a fracturing fluid system (HMP/OP) was developed with a main fracturing fluid agent designed and developed based on principles of supramolecular polymer chemistry. This main agent is used for deep CBM production and is physically crosslinked with surfactants to formulate the HMP/OP fracturing fluid with high sand carrying capacity and low formation damage. Laboratory experiments on its drag reducing performance, sand carry capacity, gel breaking capacity, core damage potential as well as adsorption/desorption capacity show that HMP/OP can significantly reduce flow drag (by 73%). At 100℃ and 20% sand content, the time for the sand to be suspended by the HMP/OP fracturing fluid is 110 min, and the settling rate of sand is 0.8 cm/min. At 80℃, after gel breaking for 2 hours, the viscosity and the residue content of the fluid are 4.63 mPa·s and 353.12 mg/L, respectively. The percent core damage caused by the HMP/OP fluid after gel breaking is only 17.44%. Moreover, the adsorption capacity of HMP/OP on the surfaces of coal rocks is only 0.32 mg/g. Adding 0.2% desorption agent (SH-12) into the HMP/OP fluid, 1.72 mL/g methane can be separated from the fluid after gel breaking. The fracturing fluid HMP/OP, developed through physical crosslinking, possesses high sand ratio, low formation damage, low adsorption capacity and enhanced methane desorption capacities, satisfying the engineering technical requirements of efficient development of coalbed methane.
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表 1 压裂液主剂结构的优化
m(AM)∶m(AMPS) η/
mPa·s单体
含量/%η/
mPa·sAPO/
%η/
mPa·s9.5∶0.5 60 15 24 0.10 33 9∶1 63 20 33 0.15 45 8.5∶1.5 54 25 63 0.20 63 8∶2 48 30 60 0.25 63 7.5∶2.5 39 35 54 0.30 57 
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表 2 不同压裂液体系的破胶实验结果（APS浓度为0.1%）
压裂液体系 破胶条件 η破胶液/mPa·s 残渣含量/(mg·L−1) HMP 60℃、2 h 7.34 739.45 80℃、2 h 3.68 336.33 100℃、2 h 2.87 174.36 HMP/OP 60℃、2 h 7.36 638.92 80℃、2 h 4.63 353.12 100℃、2 h 3.15 214.35
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表 3 不同压裂液体系破胶液的岩心伤害性评价结果
体系（破胶液） K0/mD Kd/ mD 伤害性/% HMP 0.568 0.475 16.34 HMP/OP 0.612 0.505 17.44 HPG 1.852 1.270 31.45
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