An Environmentally-Friendly Drilling Fluid for Stabilizing Shaximiao Formation in Block Zhongjiang
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摘要: 针对JSXXX-11HF井沙溪庙组井壁垮塌严重、掉块无法带出、安全成井难度大的技术问题，研究分析了井壁失稳机理，优选钻井液体系，形成了适用于中江沙溪庙组的环保钻井液井壁稳定技术。由于地层发育层叠结构的缝隙，黏土矿物和其他矿物胶结时的强度较小，在水基钻井液长期浸泡下，易诱发裂缝扩展，形成剥落掉块，发生井壁失稳。优选了环保性能强、与该井地层配伍性良好的生物质合成基钻井液体系。由室内评价可知，体系抑制性良好，16 h线性膨胀率为0.62%，渗透性弱，润湿角为28.9°，具有低黏高切的流变特性，在80℃～100℃、40 MPa下，动塑比大于0.3 Pa/(mPa·s)，在低温高密度下性能稳定，不同孔径砂盘的PPA滤失量为0，不同目数可视砂床的渗透深度为7～20 mm，对微孔隙和裂缝具有良好的封堵能力。通过现场应用，顺利钻至完钻井深，套管安全到底，不仅为该井的安全成井提供了技术支撑，更为中江区块沙溪庙组实现高效、环境友好型钻完井提供了钻井液技术保障。Abstract: The Shaximiao formation during drilling has found serious borehole wall collapse and the fallen debris were difficult to be brought out of the hole. To deal with this problem, an environmentally friendly drilling fluid suitable for drilling the Shaximiao formation in block Zhongjiang was selected and optimized for hole stabilization. The Shaximiao formation is developed with stack-structured fractures, and the bonding strengths between the clay minerals and the other minerals are low, thus, in the long-term exposure of the borehole walls into a water-based drilling fluid, it is easy to induce the propagation of the fractures in the formation to produce spalling and fallen debris, causing the borehole wall to collapse. The drilling fluid selected is an environmentally friendly biomass synthetic-based drilling fluid having good compatibility with the formation. Laboratory evaluation results showed that this drilling fluid has good inhibitive capacity, the 16 h linear expansion rate of rock cores tested with this drilling fluid is 0.62%, the permeability of the drilling fluid is low, and the wetting angle is 28.9°. This drilling fluid has the property of low viscosity and high gel strength, at 80℃-100℃ and 40 MPa, the YP/PV ratio is higher than 0.3 Pa/(mPa·s). The drilling fluid has stable properties at low temperature and high density. The PPA filtration rate of the drilling fluid tested on sand disks of different pore sizes is zero, and the penetration depths of the mud filtrates into visual sand-beds of different meshes are between 7 mm and 20 mm, indicating that the drilling fluid performs very well in plugging micropores and microfractures. Using this drilling fluid, borehole wall instability problem was solved, and all wells were successfully drilled to the designed depths with no downhole problems. The use of this drilling fluid provides an environmentally friendly technical guarantee for efficiently drilling the Shaximiao formation in the block Zhongjiang.
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表 1 JSXXX-11HF井掉块在不同体系浸泡后的线性膨胀率
体系 在不同时间的线性膨胀率/% 0.5 h 2 h 16 h 清水 22.25 26.30 36.88 生物质合成基液 0.43 0.57 0.71 柴油 0.63 0.86 1.43 白油 0.57 0.57 1.24 
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表 3 生物质合成基钻井液在不同老化时间的性能
t老化/
hAV/
mPa·sPV/
mPa·sYP/
PaYP/PV/
Pa/mPa·sGel/
Pa/PaFLHTHP/
mLES/
V4 37.0 30 7.0 0.23 5/6 3.0 764 8 42.0 32 12.0 0.38 7/9 2.8 1021 16 45.0 33 12.0 0.36 7/9 2.6 1035 72 44.5 33 11.5 0.35 7/9 2.6 1054
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表 4 生物质合成基钻井液不同部位的不稳定性指数及粒径
不同部位的TSI 平均粒径/μm 整体 底部 中部 顶部 初始 1 h后 1.14 1.15 1.13 1.14 5.07 5.87
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表 5 生物质合成基钻井液的高温高压流变性能
T/
℃AV/
mPa·sPV/
mPa·sYP/
PaYP/PV/
Pa/mPa·s80 31 22 9 0.41 100 24 17 7 0.41
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表 6 生物质合成基钻井液的LD50测试结果
动物 剂量分组/
mg·kg−1动物数/
只死亡动物数/
只死亡率/
%雌性成年小鼠 5120 10 0 0 雄性成年小鼠 5120 10 0 0
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表 7 JSXXX-11HF井分段钻井液性能
井深/
mρ/
g·cm−3FV/
sφ6/φ3 PV/
mPa·sYP/
PaYP/PV/
Pa/mPa·sGel/
Pa/PaFLHTHP/
mL油水比 ES/
V2713 2.05 50 11/10 26 7.5 0.29 5.0/6.0 3.8 84∶16 612 2786 2.20 54 20/19 34 11.0 0.32 9.0/11.0 3.8 84∶16 1056 2928 2.22 58 19/18 36 15.0 0.42 10.0/13.0 3.8 88∶12 1192 3013 2.23 58 19/18 38 15.0 0.39 9.5/11.0 3.6 88∶12 1054 3370 2.21 60 19/18 40 16.0 0.40 9.5/13.5 3.2 87∶13 987 3540 2.20 61 18/17 39 15.5 0.40 9.0/13.0 3.0 86∶14 1058 3780 2.20 60 18/17 40 16.0 0.40 8.5/13.0 2.4 87∶13 1010 3878 2.20 61 18/16 40 16.0 0.40 9.5/13.0 2.6 86∶14 1151 4052 2.21 63 18/17 41 17.0 0.41 9.5/14.5 2.8 88∶12 1029 4223 2.20 63 18/17 40 14.0 0.35 8.0/13.0 3.0 87∶13 980 4436 2.25 65 15/14 44 15.0 0.34 8.5/14.0 3.0 87∶13 939 4588 2.25 65 17/15 44 15.5 0.35 9.0/14.5 2.8 87∶13 955
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