The Influence of the Synergistic Effect between Thermo-Responsive Polymers and Bentonite on the Rheology of Water-Based Drilling Fluids
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摘要: 针对常规聚合物易高温降解导致钻井液流变失稳的难题，分别以N-乙烯基己内酰胺（NVCL）、N，N-二乙基丙烯酰胺（DEAM）、N-异丙基丙烯酰胺（NIPAM）为温敏单体，丙烯酰胺（AM）、2-丙烯酰胺-2-甲基丙烷磺酸钠（NaAMPS）为亲水单体，使用自由基聚合法制备了3种具有不同温敏基团的聚合物PAANVCL、PAADEAM和PAANIPAM。采用比浊法测定了聚合物溶液的低临界溶解温度（LCST），利用FT-IR对温敏聚合物与膨润土作用前后的结构进行了表征，基于XRD、Zeta电位和等温吸附测试对比分析了具有不同温敏基团的聚合物与膨润土间的相互作用，并研究了温敏基团类型对聚合物在膨润土基浆中高温流变性能的影响。结果表明，温敏聚合物PAANVCL的LCST高达85℃，PAADEAM和PAANIPAM的LCST则为77℃和73℃；在室温、90℃下聚合物PAANVCL在膨润土颗粒上的吸附量最高，其次为PAADEAM、PAANIPAM；160℃、16 h老化后水基钻井液PAANVCL-BT表观黏度保持率达81.13%，PAADEAM-BT、PAANIPAM-BT黏度保持率则为72.52%、69.44%。此外，钻井液PAANVCL-BT在100～160℃下表观黏度、塑性黏度和动切力的波动幅度均保持在15%以内，具有较好的高温流变稳定性。温敏基团类型对聚合物与膨润土的相互作用有显著影响，具有环状结构温敏基团的聚合物PAANVCL在水基钻井液中表现出优异的流变稳定性能。Abstract: To address the challenge of drilling fluid rheology instability resulted from high-temperature degradation of conventional polymers, three polymers PAANVCL, PAADEAM and PAANIPAM, with different thermo-responsive groups, were synthesized via free-radical polymerization using thermo-responsive monomers, including N-vinyl caprolactam (NVCL), N,N-diethylacrylamide (DEAM) and N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPAM), and hydrophilic monomers, including acrylamide (AM) and sodium 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropylsulfonate (NaAMPS). The lower critical solution temperature (LCST) of the polymer solutions was determined by the turbidimetric method, the structural changes of the polymers before and after interaction with bentonite were characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and the interactions between the polymers with different thermo-responsive groups and bentonite were comparatively analyzed via X-ray diffraction (XRD), Zeta potential measurement and isothermal adsorption test. Additionally, the influence of thermo-responsive group types on the high-temperature rheology of the polymers in bentonite-based slurries was investigated. It was found that the LCST of the thermo-responsive polymer PAANVCL is as high as 85℃, and those of the polymers PAADEAM and PAANIPAM are 77℃ and 73℃, respectively. At room temperature and 90℃, PAANVCL exhibits the highest adsorption capacity on bentonite particles, followed by PAADEAM and PAANIPAM. After aging at 160℃ for 16 hours, the retention rate of the apparent viscosity (AV) of the PAANVCL-bentonite water-based drilling fluid is 81.13%, compared with 72.52% for the PAADEAM-bentonite drilling fluid and 69.44% for the PAANIPAM-bentonite drilling fluid. Furthermore, at temperatures between 100℃ and 160℃, the AV, plastic viscosity (PV) and yield point (YP) of the PAANVCL-bentonite drilling fluid fluctuate in ranges of less than 15%, demonstrating good high-temperature rheological stability. The types of the thermo-responsive groups exhibit significant impact on the interaction between polymers and bentonite; PAANVCL, a polymer with cyclic thermo-responsive groups, exhibits superior rheological stability in water-based drilling fluids.
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Key words:
- Thermo-responsive polymer /
- Bentonite /
- Type of group /
- Rheological properties
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