Salt-Resistant Lubricant for Deep Water Drilling Fluids
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摘要: 深水钻井中，钻井液因受海水、高矿化度盐水和高价金属离子影响，常用矿物油、植物油、脂肪酸类润滑剂在高盐环境下不分散、不相容，呈油脂或奶酪膏状物析出，导致钻井液润滑性能降低甚至失效。目前，国内适用于盐水钻井液的高效润滑剂较为有限，难以满足深水作业需求。为此，调研分析了国外深水钻井用高性能水基钻井液及相关抗盐润滑剂研究进展，并对6种不同成份的润滑剂开展了室内评价，结果表明，这些润滑剂在海水基液中均存在相容性不良、润滑系数不达标的问题。基于此，以长链改性脂肪酸酯，复配非离子表面活性剂，研制了一种适用于盐水钻井液的高效润滑剂，该润滑剂与海水、盐水基液相容性良好，无油脂或奶酪膏状物质析出，可将由无机盐、有机盐配制的海水基液润滑系数降低至0.10以下，经185℃高温热滚后，浆体表面无油脂物析出，润滑性能稳定；不起泡，不影响钻井液流变性能；环境友好、生物毒性低、不影响海洋环境。Abstract: In deepwater drilling, drilling fluids are affected by seawater, highly mineralized brine, and polyvalent metal ions. Conventional lubricants such as mineral oils, vegetable oils, and fatty acids often exhibit poor dispersion and incompatibility in high salinity environments,separating out as oily or cheese like pastes, which reduces or even eliminates the lubricating performance of the drilling fluid. Currently, there are limited efficient lubricants in China suitable for brine-based drilling fluids, making it difficult to meet the demands of deepwater operations.To address this issue, this study reviews and analyzes international research progress on high performance water-based drilling fluids and salt-resistant lubricants for deepwater drilling. Laboratory evaluations were conducted on six lubricants with different compositions. The results show that all of them suffer from poor compatibility and fail to meet the required lubrication coefficient standards in seawater-based fluids.Based on these findings, a high-efficiency lubricant suitable for brine drilling fluids was developed using long-chain modified fatty acid esters compounded with non-ionic surfactants. This lubricant demonstrates good compatibility with seawater and brine-based fluids, with no separation of oily or cheese-like substances. It can reduce the lubrication coefficient of seawater-based fluids prepared with inorganic and organic salts to below 0.10. After hot rolling at 185℃, no oily material separates on the surface of the slurry, and the lubricating performance remains stable. Additionally, the lubricant does not cause foaming, does not affect the rheological properties of the drilling fluid, is environmentally friendly, has low biotoxicity, and does not harm the marine environment.
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Key words:
- Deep water drilling /
- High performance water-based drilling fluid /
- Saltwater /
- Lubricant
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表 1 常用不同成份润滑剂在海水中的相容性和润滑性
润滑剂 类别 是否相容 润滑系数 润滑系数
降低率/%空白 海水 0.35 Lube-A 大豆酸化油 否 0.30 14.3 Lube-B 植物油类 否 0.30 14.3 Lube-C 司盘类 否 0.25 28.5 Lube-D 脂肪酸类 否 0.18 48.5 Lube-E 油酸类 否 0.15 57.1 Lube-F 矿物油类 否 0.14 60.0 
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表 2 常用润滑剂高温热稳定性评价（185℃、24 h）
润滑剂 类别 润滑系数 浆体外观 室温 185℃ Lube-A 大豆酸化油 0.05 0.10 油脂析出 Lube-B 植物油类 0.04 0.15 油脂析出 Lube-C 司盘类 0.06 0.10 正常 Lube-D 脂肪酸类 0.08 0.15 油脂析出 Lube-E 油酸类 0.05 0.12 油脂析出 Lube-F 矿物油类 0.08 0.10 正常
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表 3 润滑剂DLU200在不同基液中的润滑性能
基液 不同润滑剂加量基液
的润滑系数(m/V)0 0.5% 1.0% 2.0% 淡水 0.34 0.03 0.02 0.02 海水 0.35 0.05 0.04 0.03 海水+7%KCl+10%NaCl 0.26 0.10 0.06 0.05 海水+7%KCl+10%NaCl+
10%甲酸钠+10%甲酸钾0.22 0.15 0.08 0.06
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表 4 DLU200在不同浆体中热滚后的润滑系数
膨润土浆 空白
（25℃）样浆在不同温度热滚16 h后的润滑系数 25℃ 135℃ 150℃ 175℃ 185℃ 淡水 0.55 0.02 0.03 0.05 0.08 0.10 海水 0.45 0.05 0.09 0.12 0.14 0.15 盐水 0.36 0.07 0.08 0.08 0.14 0.18
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表 5 润滑剂DLU200对无土相盐水钻井液的性能影响
润滑剂/
%ρ/
g·cm−3AV/
mPa·sPV/
mPa·sYP/
PaGel/
Pa/PaFL/
mL润滑
系数0 1.13 32 18 14 4/6 8.0 0.19 1.0 1.13 28 16 12 4/5 7.6 0.06 2.0 1.13 26 15 11 3/5 7.2 0.05
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