Preparation of Composite Nano-Silica and Polymer Gel and Its Function as Lost Circulation Material
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摘要: 针对目前凝胶堵漏材料强度低、韧性较差和成胶时间不可控等问题，以聚丙烯酰胺（PAM）为凝胶主剂、纳米二氧化硅为增强材料、羧甲基纤维素钠（CMC）为增黏材料、酚醛树脂为交联剂，通过物理化学交联反应研发了一种成胶强度高的纳米材料复合聚合物凝胶堵漏剂。通过室内实验得到了复合凝胶堵漏剂的最优制备条件，评价了凝胶堵漏剂的成胶性、膨胀性和裂缝堵漏性能，并分析了凝胶堵漏剂交联机理及裂缝堵漏机理。结果表明，当加入1.5%聚丙烯酰胺、3%纳米二氧化硅、0.6%羧甲基纤维素钠、1.5%交联剂，交联温度为150℃，制备的复合凝胶堵漏剂性能最优，其对应复合凝胶强度为1000 Pa，成胶黏度达6×105 mPa·s，成胶时间2 h。该凝胶堵漏剂具有良好的膨胀性能，可适应不同尺寸的裂缝通道，复合凝胶与惰性材料所形成的复合堵漏配方对1～4 mm裂缝漏层承压能力高达12 MPa（150℃、老化48 h），具有良好的堵漏效果。所研制的复合凝胶堵漏剂制备方便、价格低廉，有望解决大孔隙、大裂缝等复杂高温漏失地层恶性漏失问题。Abstract: Gel lost circulation materials (LCMs) presently in use have several shortcomings such as low strength, poor toughness and uncontrollable gelling time etc. A high gel strength composite nanomaterial and polymer gel LCM has been developed to overcome these shortcomings. The composite nanomaterial and polymer gel LCM is synthesized through physical-chemical crosslinking reaction with raw materials such as polyacrylamide (PAM) as the main gelling agents, nano silica as the strengthening agent, sodium carboxymethylcellulose (Na-CMC) as the viscosifier and phenolic resin as the crosslinking agent. In laboratory experiment, the optimum conditions for preparing the composite gel LCM were determined and the gelling performance, swelling capacity and fracture plugging capability of the composite gel LCM evaluated. The crosslinking mechanisms and fracture plugging mechanisms of the composite gel LCM were also analyzed. It was found through the experiment that the best composite gel LCM can be obtained in the following reaction conditions: 1.5%PAM, 3% nano silica, 0.6%Na-CMC, 1.5%crosslinking agent and temperature for the crosslinking is 150℃. The composite gel LCM obtained in these conditions has gel strength of 1,000 Pa, gel viscosity of 6×105 mPa∙s and gelling time of 2 hours. This composite gel LCM has good swelling performance and can be used to plug fractures of different sizes. An LCM slurry formulated with the composite gel LCM and an inert material, after being used to plug fractures of 1-4 mm in width, formed an LCM barrier across the fractures with pressure bearing capacity of 12 MPa (measured at 150℃ and after aging 48 hours). The composite gel LCM is easy to manufacture and cost effective, and can hopefully be used to solve severe mud loss problem encountered in drilling highly porous and fractured formations.
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Key words:
- Nanomaterial /
- Polymer /
- Gel /
- Lost circulation material /
- Fracture /
- Mud loss control
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表 1 不同因素对凝胶成胶性能结果分析
实验组别 因素 成胶时间/
h成胶强度 T/℃ 交联剂/% 1 70 0.5 5.0 F 2 90 0.5 5.0 F 3 110 0.5 4.5 G 4 130 0.5 4.5 G 5 150 0.5 4.0 H 6 170 0.5 4.0 G 7 150 0.7 4.0 G 8 150 0.9 4.0 G 9 150 1.1 3.5 H 10 150 1.3 3.5 H 11 150 1.5 2.0 I 12 150 1.7 2.0 I 
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