Preparation and Properties of a Drilling Fluid Non-Fluorescent Flexible Plugging
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摘要: 针对作为钻井液用柔性封堵剂的凝胶封堵剂对流变性能影响大、沥青封堵剂具有荧光效应而干扰录井的技术问题，以异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯IPDI、聚三亚甲基醚二醇PO3G、2-羟乙基二硫醚HEDS、二羟甲基丁酸DMBA为扩链剂，二月桂酸二丁基锡DBTEL为催化剂，糠醇FA为封端剂、三乙胺TEA为乳化剂，制备一种水性聚氨酯乳液封堵剂SMPU-1，并借助红外光谱仪、激光粒度分析仪和扫描电镜进行了分子结构表征、粒径分布和微观形貌分析。结果表明，高温作用后的SMPU-1颗粒仍呈纳微米级单分散状态，并具有软化变形的特性，在压差作用下，可被挤入岩石表面的微孔缝，从而实现致密封堵。封堵性能测试结果显示，SMPU-1适宜在140℃内使用，最佳添加浓度为4%。SMPU-1对钻井液的流变性能影响较小，在最高适用温度和最佳加量条件下，钻井液的常温中压滤失量为6.2 mL，高温高压滤失量为16 mL，具有良好的滤失造壁性能。Abstract: As flexible plugging agents used in drilling fluids, gel plugging agents have great effects on the rheology of the drilling fluids, and asphalt plugging agents have fluorescent effect that interferes with mud logging data acquisition. To solve these problems, a water-based polyurethane emulsion plugging agent SMPU-1 has been prepared with the following monomers: isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI), polytetramethylene ether glycol (PO3G), 2-hydroxyethyl disulfide (HEDS) and dimethylol butyric acid (DMBA) as the chain extenders, dibutyltin dilaurate (DBTDL) as the catalyst, furfuryl alcohol (FA) as the end-capping agent, and triethylamine (TEA) as the emulsifier. Using IR spectrometer, laser particle size analyzer and scanning electron microscope, the molecular structure of SMPU-1 was characterized, and the particle size distribution and the micromorphology of SMPU-1 analyzed. It was found that under the action of high temperature, the SMPU-1 particles are still in nano-micron monodisperse state, and become soft and deformed. Under the action of pressure, the SMPU-1 particles can be squeezed into and hence densely plug the micro-fractures on the surfaces of rocks. The results of the plugging performance test show that the optimum temperature for the SMPU-1 particles to function is 140°C or lower, and the optimum treatment of SMPU-1 is 4%. SMPU-1 has little effect on the rheology of drilling fluids. At the maximum applicable work temperature and the optimum dosage, the API filter loss of a drilling fluid is 6.2 mL, and the high temperature high pressure (HTHP) filter loss is 16 mL, indicating that the drilling fluid still has good filtration and wall-building properties.
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表 1 钻井液流变性能和滤失性能测试结果
SMPU-1 /% T老化/℃ AV/mPa·s YP/Pa FLAPI/mL FLHTHP/mL 0 100 15.0 5.0 13.4 33.6 120 15.0 5.0 13.8 34.0 140 14.5 4.5 14.4 37.2 160 14.0 4.5 15.6 46.0 3.0 100 16.5 5.5 8.6 20.0 120 16.5 5.5 9.2 24.4 140 17.0 5.0 10.2 27.4 160 17.5 5.5 12.0 30.8 4.0 100 17.0 6.0 5.4 14.0 120 17.0 6.0 5.8 15.6 140 17.5 6.5 6.2 16.0 160 17.5 6.5 8.0 18.4 5.0 100 18.5 6.5 5.2 13.8 120 18.5 6.5 5.4 15.0 140 19.0 7.0 5.8 15.6 160 19.5 7.5 7.8 18.0 注：FLHTHP测试温度对应老化温度。 
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