Mechanisms of Water Block Damage of High Temperature Reservoirs Based on In-situ Characterization of Wettability and Subcritical Water Characteristics
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摘要: 研究深部储层岩石原位润湿特性，对深入了解高温储层水锁损害机理及制定高效防水锁技术对策具有重要意义。原位表征了20℃～200℃、8 MPa氮气环境中不同岩样表面接触角随温度的变化，并借助原子力显微镜、扫描电子显微镜和能谱分析探讨了吸附原油岩石表面接触角随温度变化的机理。实验结果表明，洗油后储层岩样表面接触角随温度升高逐渐降低，且呈明显分段现象，20℃～100℃下接触角变化率约为−0.04°/℃，100℃～200℃时，变化率约为−0.24°/℃，水在其表面拟黏附功随温度升高变化较小。水在吸附原油岩样表面接触角随温度升高逐渐减小，160℃时降低为75.7 °。岩石表面由亲油转变为亲水，拟黏附功大幅增加，160℃时变化率为155.27 %。亚临界水作用下岩石表面烃类物质的解吸甚至热裂解，导致了吸附原油岩石表面润湿性的显著变化，入井流体接触吸附有烃类物质的储层岩石后可能会大幅增加储层水锁损害程度。该研究对高温储层岩石表面润湿性变化机制提供了一些新的认识，有助于高温油气资源开采过程中制定合适的防水锁方案。Abstract: Study on the in-situ wettability of deep reservoir rocks is of great importance to the in-depth understanding of the mechanisms with which a high temperature reservoir is damaged by water block and to the establishment of efficient measures for water block prevention. In this study, cores from a deep reservoir in a block in Bohai (China) were used to in-situ characterize the changes with temperature of the contact angles of different rock surfaces in a nitrogen environment of 20℃ – 200℃ and 8 MPa, and an empirical equation was established for predicting the changes with temperature of the contact angles of reservoir rock surfaces after the oils were washed off the rocks. Using atomic force microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and energy spectrum analysis, the mechanisms with which the changes with temperature of contact angles of rock surfaces were analyzed. The Experimental results showed that the contact angles of the reservoir rock surfaces after washing off the oils were reduced with temperature in different ranges; in 20℃ – 100℃, the rate of change of contact angle is −0.04 °/℃, and −0.24 °/℃ in 100℃-200℃. The adhesion work of water on the rock surfaces generally increases with temperature, the change of which is small though. The adhesion work of water on the rock surfaces with oils increases remarkably with temperature, with a rate of change at 160 ℃ of 155.27%. By measuring the micromorphology and element content of the rock surfaces, it was concluded, considering the physical-chemical characteristics of subcritical water, that the desorption and even the pyrolysis of the hydrocarbons adsorbed on the surfaces of the rocks under the action of subcritical water result in the significant change of the wettability of the oil-adsorbed surfaces of the rocks, and when in contact with the rock surfaces with adsorbed oils, fluids flowing into a well will present more serious water block damage to the reservoir formations. Based on the in-situ characterization of wettability and the physical-chemical properties of subcritical water, some new understandings about the mechanisms with which the wettability of the reservoir rock surfaces changes at elevated temperatures are obtained, and these new understandings are helpful in designing proper water block prevention program in high temperature oil and gas resource development.
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