The Experimental Methods to Evaluate the Fluids Sensitivity Damage of Ultra-deep and Ultra-tight Gas Reservoirs
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摘要: 超致密储层具有基块致密、黏土矿物丰富等特点，潜在流体敏感性强，准确评价储层流体敏感程度对优选入井工作液性能至关重要。选取超致密气层砂岩岩心，改进了压力衰减法评价储层流体敏感性，并与常规的压力衰减法和改进的稳态流体敏感性实验方法对比分析。结果显示，常规的压力衰减法样品水敏程度为中等偏弱，改进的压力衰减法评价样品水敏程度中等偏强，实验结果与改进的高温高回压测试方法具有一致性，且实验时间缩短近40%。分析认为：改进的压力衰减法能够模拟地层高温环境，原理清楚，结果可靠，新方法弥补了常规压力衰减法工作流体无法高效注入岩心的不足，提高了测试精度，缩短了实验时间，对优化致密油气藏储层损害评价方法具有借鉴意义。Abstract: Ultra-tight gas reservoirs are characteristic with deep buried depth, high formation temperature and strong potential fluids sensitivity damage, and the ultra-low permeability of matrix lead to the industry standard method not being applied to evaluate the formation fluids sensitivity damage. In this study, sandstone cores from ultra-tight gas layers were selected. Meanwhile, modified pressure decay method was proposed. In addition, the normal pressure decay method and modified steady-state fluid sensitivity test method were used to evaluate the water sensitive damage degree as a comparison. The results indicates that the water sensitivity damage degree obtained by the normal pressure decay method is middle to weak, the water sensitivity damage degree obtained by the modified pressure decay method is middle to strong, which is consistent with the modified steady-state fluid sensitivity test method. Moreover, the experiment time was reduced by nearly 40%. The analysis showed that the modified pressure decay method could simulate the stratum high temperature environment with the clear principle and obtained reliable result. The new method makes up for the deficiency that the normal pressure decay method cannot efficiently inject the working fluid into the core, improves the testing accuracy and shorts the experimental time, and has reference significance for the damage evaluation method of ultra-tight oil and gas reservoir.
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表 1 实验岩样基础物性
编号 长度/cm 直径/cm 孔隙度/% 渗透率/mD 孔隙体积/cm3 A1-1 5.404 2.486 3.59 0.005 89 1.02 A1-2 5.172 2.471 3.18 0.001 41 0.79 
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表 2 模拟地层水配方
矿物类型 NaHCO3 Na2SO4 NaCl KCl MgCl2 CaCl2 总矿化度 含量/(mg·L−1) 563.24 649.22 185 905.74 12 441.50 3524.50 6153.32 209 237.52
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表 3 常规压力衰减法液测岩心水敏评价结果
编号 流体类型 地层水 次地层水 蒸馏水 水敏指数 水敏程度 A1-1 Tr(min) 240.83 399.68 430.65 0.44 中等偏弱 A1-2 Tr(min) 238.74 419.66 439.26 0.46 中等偏弱
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表 4 改进的稳态流体敏感性方法评价水敏损害程度
岩心编号 孔隙度/% Ka/mD 水敏指数 水敏程度 A1-1 3.59 0.005 89 0.51 中等偏强 A1-2 3.18 0.014 08 0.52 中等偏强
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表 5 改进的压力衰减法液测岩心水敏评价结果
编号 流体类型 地层水 次地层水 蒸馏水 水敏指数 水敏程度 A1-1 Tr(min) 130.08 253.62 274.73 0.53 中等偏强 A1-2 Tr(min) 119.62 245.94 269.14 0.56 中等偏强
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