抗超高温220 ℃聚合物水基钻井液技术

刘锋报; 孙金声; 刘敬平; 黄贤斌; 孟旭

doi:10.12358/j.issn.1001-5620.2024.02.002

抗超高温220 ℃聚合物水基钻井液技术

doi: 10.12358/j.issn.1001-5620.2024.02.002

刘锋报^{1, 2,},
孙金声¹,
刘敬平¹,
黄贤斌¹,
孟旭¹

1.
中国石油大学（华东）石油工程学院, 山东青岛 266580
2.
中国石油塔里木油田分公司, 新疆库尔勒 841000

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金基础科学中心项目“超深特深层油气钻采流动调控”（52288101）。

详细信息

作者简介:
刘锋报，高级工程师，在读博士研究生，1985年生，毕业于中国地质大学（北京）化学工程专业，目前从事深井钻完井液技术研究与管理工作。E-mail：liufengbao100@126.com

中图分类号: TE254.3
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2023-11-27
- 修回日期: 2024-01-10
- 刊出日期: 2024-04-02

A Polymer Water Based Drilling Fluid for 220 ℃ Bottomhole Temperature

1.
School of Petroleum Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, Shandong 266580
2.
PetroChina Tarim Oilfield Branch, Korla, Xinjiang 841000

摘要

摘要: 我国深层油气资源丰富，其高效开发对保障国家能源安全具有重大意义。钻井液是深部地层钻探的关键，但目前常规聚合物钻井液的抗温能力普遍低于220 ℃，且盐会大幅降低钻井液性能，钻探过程中往往由于钻井液失效引发安全事故，对深层油气开发造成重大损失。针对钻井液高温高盐条件下性能恶化的难题，合成了具有协同作用的抗高温两性离子聚合物和抗高温阴离子聚合物，通过高强度的网架结构调控钻井液流变性；合成抗超高温高效封堵剂来提高钻井液封堵性能和滤失性能，封堵泥饼和砂床，阻止压力传递。以抗高温两性离子聚合物、抗高温阴离子聚合物和抗超高温高效封堵剂为核心处理剂，构建了一套抗超高温220 ℃的聚合物水基钻井液体系，并评价了该钻井液的性能。实验结果表明，该钻井液具有良好的流变滤失性、沉降稳定性、封堵性和润滑性，其高温高压滤失量仅为9.6 mL，高温高压下仍保持黏度和切力稳定，直立老化72 h沉降因子仅为0.5113，砂床侵入深度仅为6 mm，老化后润滑系数和泥饼黏滞系数分别为0.1224和0.0875。该钻井液具有良好的抗温性能和稳定性，对深部油气的开发具有重要意义。
- 水基钻井液 /
- 抗高温 /
- 抗高矿化度 /
- 聚合物 /
- 深部地层
Abstract: The efficient development of the abundant deep oil and gas boasted by China is of great significance for ensuring the national energy security. The regular polymer drilling fluids presently used generally have temperature resistance of less than 220 ℃. Salts, which are commonly used in formulating water-based drilling fluids, greatly damage the performance of the fluids. Deterioration of the properties of a drilling fluid during drilling causes downhole accidents and economic losses to the development of deep oil and gas. To deal with the deterioration of the properties of drilling fluid at high temperatures and high salinities, a high temperature zwitterionic polymer and a high temperature anionic polymer are synthesized. The two polymers have synergistic effect, and control and adjust mud rheology through high-strength network structures. To improve the plugging performance and filtration control property of a drilling fluid, an ultrahigh temperature high efficiency plugging agent is developed to plug pores in the formation, thereby stopping the transmission of pressure across the borehole wall. A water-based polymer drilling fluid is formulated with these three core additives to work in ultra-high temperature (220 ℃) environment. Laboratory evaluation of the performance of this drilling fluid shows that it has good rheology, filtration property, suspending capacity, plugging capacity and lubricity; the high-temperature high-pressure (HTHP) filtration rate is only 9.6 mL. The viscosity and gel strengths of the drilling fluid remains stable at HTHP, and the settling factor of the drilling fluid after being aged for 72 hours is only 0.5113 in testing with the test cell in an upright position. In sand-bed test the depth at which the drilling fluid invades into the sand-bed is only 6 mm. The friction coefficient of the drilling fluid after being aged and the mud cake frictional coefficient are 0.1224 and 0.0875, respectively. This drilling fluid has good high temperature resistance and stability, and is of great importance to the development of deep oil and gas development.
- Water-based drilling fluids /
- High temperature resistant /
- High salinity resistant /
- Polymer /
- Deep formation

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图 1 抗高温两性离子聚合物的红外光谱

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图 2 抗高温阴离子聚合物的红外光谱

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图 3 聚合物协同增黏机理示意图

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图 4 钻井液复数模量与剪切应力的关系

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图 5 抗超高温高效封堵剂分子结构

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图 6 抗超高温高效封堵剂SEM图像

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图 7 抗超高温高效封堵剂红外光谱

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图 8 抗超高温高效封堵剂悬浮液的　　　压力传递实验（240 ℃、16 h）

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图 9 高温高压滤失泥饼

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图 10 抗超高温聚合物水基钻井液在高温高压流变仪表面的黏附情况

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图 11 常规聚磺钻井液高温高压　　流变仪表面的黏附情况

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图 12 长期沉降稳定性

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表 1 膨润土加量对体系性能的影响

钻井液配方	实验条件	AV/mPa·s	PV/mPa·s	YP/Pa
6%两性离子聚合物	老化前	50.0	45.0	5.0
6%两性离子聚合物	老化后	29.0	28.0	1.0
6%阴离子聚合物	老化前	54.5	48.0	6.5
6%阴离子聚合物	老化后	33.0	32.5	0.5
4%两性离子聚合物+ 2%阴离子聚合物	老化前	52.0	46.0	6.0
4%两性离子聚合物+ 2%阴离子聚合物	老化后	45.0	41.0	4.0
注：老化条件为220 ℃，老化72 h。

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表 2 抗超高温220 ℃聚合物钻井液流变滤失性能

条件	AV/ mPa·s	PV/ mPa·s	YP/ Pa	Gel/ Pa/Pa	FL_API/ mL	FL_HTHP/ mL（220 ℃）	pH
老化前	53.0	47	6.0	4/6	0.2		9.38
220 ℃、16 h	47.0	42	5.0	3/4	2.2	9.6	8.14
220 ℃、24 h	48.5	43	5.5	3/4	1.2	10.6	8.13

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表 3 钻井液经长时间老化后的流变滤失性能

条件	AV/ mPa·s	PV/ mPa·s	YP/ Pa	Gel/ Pa/Pa	FL_API/ mL	FL_HTHP/mL （220 ℃）	pH
220 ℃老化24 h	48.5	43	5.5	3/4	1.2	10.6	8.13
重新加药后	62.5	55	7.5	5/5	0		8.79
继续老化72 h	52.0	46	6.0	3/5	3.2	13.4	8.74

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表 4 抗超高温聚合物水基钻井液在高矿化度污染下的流变、滤失性能

污染类型	条件	AV/ mPa·s	PV/ mPa·s	YP/ Pa	Gel/ Pa/Pa	FL_API/ mL	FL_HTHP/mL （220 ℃）	pH
2000 mg/L Ca²⁺	老化前	53.0	47	6.0	4/5	0		10.14
2000 mg/L Ca²⁺	220 ℃、16 h	54.0	49	5.0	6/8	1.8	10.4	9.24
190 000 mg/L Cl^-	老化前	54.0	45	9.0	3/6	0.2		10.25
190 000 mg/L Cl^-	220 ℃、16 h	47.5	40	7.5	1/2	1.4	9.4	8.79
2000 mg/L Ca²⁺+ 190 000 mg/L Cl^-	老化前	53.5	45	8.5	3/5	0		10.12
2000 mg/L Ca²⁺+ 190 000 mg/L Cl^-	220 ℃、16 h	50.0	42	8.0	7/8	1.8	11.6	9.12

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表 5 抗超高温聚合物水基钻井液高温高压流变性数据

实验条件	AV/ mPa·s	PV/ mPa·s	YP/ Pa	Gel/ Pa/Pa
120 ℃×93 MPa	31.8	27.6	4.0	1.2/2.5
140 ℃×108 MPa	29.1	26.2	2.8	1.2/1.7
165 ℃×130 MPa	26.4	24.5	1.8	1.2/1.4
180 ℃×139 MPa	24.8	22.8	1.9	1.2/1.8
200 ℃×154 MPa	22.8	20.9	1.8	1.3/1.9
220 ℃×169 MPa	22.4	20.5	1.8	1.3/1.9
注：样品升温至120 ℃开始测试。

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表 6 常规聚磺钻井液高温高压流变性数据

实验条件	AV/ mPa·s	PV/ mPa·s	YP/ Pa	Gel/ Pa/Pa
120 ℃×93 MPa	18.6	14.7	3.7	1.0/3.0
140 ℃×108 MPa	17.4	14.3	3.0	1.2/5.0
165 ℃×130 MPa	16.5	13.1	3.3	2.6/8.1
180 ℃×139 MPa	16.5	12.0	4.3	3.9/9.6
200 ℃×154 MPa	17.6	10.7	6.6	7.0/10.7
220 ℃×169 MPa	22.0	9.0	12.5	14.8/16.2
注：样品升温至120 ℃开始测试。

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