Study on Downhole Drilling Fluid Colling Technology Based on Surface Cooling
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摘要: 目前井下钻井液冷却技术中存在是否具有开展降温技术的必要及如何实现井下钻井液温度实时控制这2个核心问题。首先基于井筒传热模型,探究了钻井液冷却施工参数对井下温度影响程度的大小,基于精英策略的非支配排序遗传算法,建立了钻井液冷却施工参数优化模型,形成了井下钻井液冷却极限计算方法,以此评估是否具有开展降温技术的必要。然后基于井筒传热模型,探究了地面降温与井下降温间的定量关系,得到井下温度的变化与地面注入温度的变化呈单调线性关系,依据此关系及比例积分微分(PID)控制算法,形成了钻井液井下温度实时控制方法。最后利用一口实例井对上述模型与方法进行验证,结果表明,采用冷却施工参数优化模型得到的井下降温极限比未经优化的正常钻井温度低17 ℃,同时建立的基于PID控制的井下温度控制方法能实现井下温度的实时定量控制,减少地面钻井液冷却设备能耗,并确保井下温度尽快达到设定值。Abstract: Presently there are two core problems existed in downhole drilling fluid colling technology, i.e., the necessities of performing drilling fluid cooling and the real time control of the temperature of the downhole drilling fluid. Based on the borehole heat transfer model, the effects of drilling fluid cooling parameters on the downhole temperature are investigated. Based on the non-dominated sorting generic algorithm with elitest strategy, a drilling fluid cooling parameter optimization model is established, and a method for calculating the cooling limit of downhole drilling fluids is constructed. Using the model and the method, the necessity of performing cooling operation can be evaluated. Then, based on the borehole heat transfer model, the quantitative relationship between surface cooling and downhole cooling is investigated, and it is found that a simple linear relationship exists between the change of downhole temperature and the change of surface injection temperature. Based on these relations obtained and the PID control algorithm, a method for real-time control of downhole drilling fluid temperature is developed. The aforementioned models and methods are then verified using data obtained from an example well. The verification shows that using the optimized model of cooling parameters, the downhole cooling limit obtained is 17 ℃ lower than the cooling limit obtained from the non-optimized model. Also, the downhole temperature control method based on PID control can be used to quantitatively control downhole temperature in a real-time manner., thereby minimizing energy consumption of the surface cooling equipment and ensuring the downhole temperature to quickly reach the designed level.
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Key words:
- Drilling fluid /
- Heat transfer model /
- Temperature control /
- Cooling technology
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表 1 井身结构与钻具组合
套管下深/
m内径/
mm外径/
mmρ/
kg·m−3比热/
J·(kg·℃)−1导热系数/
J·(m·℃)−11500 250.20 273.05 8100 910 45 6120 180.02 200.03 8250 950 52 钻具长度/
m内径/
mm外径/
mmρ/
kg·m−3比热/
J·(kg·℃)−1导热系数/
J·(m·℃)−12600 82.3 101.6 8125 880 43.75 3000 70.2 88.9 8068 890 44.25 2000 82.3 101.6 8000 840 42.36 400 57.15 120.7 8220 906 48.33 表 2 传热计算参数
ρ地层/
kg·m−3地层比热/
J·(kg·℃)−1地层导热系数/
J·(m·℃)−1T地表/
℃地温梯度/
℃·m−1泵排量/
L·s−1T注入/
℃2600 800 2.25 25 0.028 18 40 ρ钻井液/
kg·m−3钻井液比热
J·(kg·℃)−1钻井液导热系数
J·(m·℃)−1屈服值 流性
指数稠度系数/
Pa·Sn钻柱旋转速度/
r·min−11080 1975.16 0.568 10 0.65 0.34 70 表 3 影响因素取值范围
套管和钻具
比热/J·(kg·℃)−1套管和钻具导热
系数/J·(m·℃)−1V泵/
L/sT注入/
℃ρ钻井液/
kg·m−3钻井液比热/
J·(kg·℃)−1钻井液导热系数/
J·(m·℃)−1钻柱旋转
速度/r·min−1地温梯度/
℃·m−1t循环/
h500~1500 10~120 5~55 5~55 1000~2000 1000~2000 0.5~2.5 0~200 0.01~0.05 0~50 表 4 冷却施工参数取值范围
取值 T注入/
℃排量/
L·s−1转速/
r·min−1ρ钻井液/
kg·m−3钻井液导热系数/
J/(m·℃)−1钻井液比热/
J/(kg·℃)−1最小值 30 10 0 1000 0.4 1800 最大值 70 20 100 1200 2.0 2200 -
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