Study on Downhole Drilling Fluid Colling Technology Based on Surface Cooling
-
摘要: 目前井下钻井液冷却技术中存在是否具有开展降温技术的必要及如何实现井下钻井液温度实时控制这2个核心问题。首先基于井筒传热模型，探究了钻井液冷却施工参数对井下温度影响程度的大小，基于精英策略的非支配排序遗传算法，建立了钻井液冷却施工参数优化模型，形成了井下钻井液冷却极限计算方法，以此评估是否具有开展降温技术的必要。然后基于井筒传热模型，探究了地面降温与井下降温间的定量关系，得到井下温度的变化与地面注入温度的变化呈单调线性关系，依据此关系及比例积分微分（PID）控制算法，形成了钻井液井下温度实时控制方法。最后利用一口实例井对上述模型与方法进行验证，结果表明，采用冷却施工参数优化模型得到的井下降温极限比未经优化的正常钻井温度低17 ℃，同时建立的基于PID控制的井下温度控制方法能实现井下温度的实时定量控制，减少地面钻井液冷却设备能耗，并确保井下温度尽快达到设定值。Abstract: Presently there are two core problems existed in downhole drilling fluid colling technology, i.e., the necessities of performing drilling fluid cooling and the real time control of the temperature of the downhole drilling fluid. Based on the borehole heat transfer model, the effects of drilling fluid cooling parameters on the downhole temperature are investigated. Based on the non-dominated sorting generic algorithm with elitest strategy, a drilling fluid cooling parameter optimization model is established, and a method for calculating the cooling limit of downhole drilling fluids is constructed. Using the model and the method, the necessity of performing cooling operation can be evaluated. Then, based on the borehole heat transfer model, the quantitative relationship between surface cooling and downhole cooling is investigated, and it is found that a simple linear relationship exists between the change of downhole temperature and the change of surface injection temperature. Based on these relations obtained and the PID control algorithm, a method for real-time control of downhole drilling fluid temperature is developed. The aforementioned models and methods are then verified using data obtained from an example well. The verification shows that using the optimized model of cooling parameters, the downhole cooling limit obtained is 17 ℃ lower than the cooling limit obtained from the non-optimized model. Also, the downhole temperature control method based on PID control can be used to quantitatively control downhole temperature in a real-time manner., thereby minimizing energy consumption of the surface cooling equipment and ensuring the downhole temperature to quickly reach the designed level.
-
Key words:
- Drilling fluid /
- Heat transfer model /
- Temperature control /
- Cooling technology
-
表 1 井身结构与钻具组合
套管下深/
m内径/
mm外径/
mmρ/
kg·m−3比热/
J·(kg·℃)−1导热系数/
J·(m·℃)−11500 250.20 273.05 8100 910 45 6120 180.02 200.03 8250 950 52 钻具长度/
m内径/
mm外径/
mmρ/
kg·m−3比热/
J·(kg·℃)−1导热系数/
J·(m·℃)−12600 82.3 101.6 8125 880 43.75 3000 70.2 88.9 8068 890 44.25 2000 82.3 101.6 8000 840 42.36 400 57.15 120.7 8220 906 48.33 
下载: 导出CSV
表 2 传热计算参数
ρ地层/
kg·m−3地层比热/
J·(kg·℃)−1地层导热系数/
J·(m·℃)−1T地表/
℃地温梯度/
℃·m−1泵排量/
L·s−1T注入/
℃2600 800 2.25 25 0.028 18 40 ρ钻井液/
kg·m−3钻井液比热
J·(kg·℃)−1钻井液导热系数
J·(m·℃)−1屈服值 流性
指数稠度系数/
Pa·Sn钻柱旋转速度/
r·min−11080 1975.16 0.568 10 0.65 0.34 70
下载: 导出CSV
表 3 影响因素取值范围
套管和钻具
比热/J·(kg·℃)−1套管和钻具导热
系数/J·(m·℃)−1V泵/
L/sT注入/
℃ρ钻井液/
kg·m−3钻井液比热/
J·(kg·℃)−1钻井液导热系数/
J·(m·℃)−1钻柱旋转
速度/r·min−1地温梯度/
℃·m−1t循环/
h500～1500 10～120 5～55 5～55 1000～2000 1000～2000 0.5～2.5 0～200 0.01～0.05 0～50
下载: 导出CSV
表 4 冷却施工参数取值范围
取值 T注入/
℃排量/
L·s−1转速/
r·min−1ρ钻井液/
kg·m−3钻井液导热系数/
J/(m·℃)−1钻井液比热/
J/(kg·℃)−1最小值 30 10 0 1000 0.4 1800 最大值 70 20 100 1200 2.0 2200
下载: 导出CSV
-
[1] 许超. 干热岩井施工关键技术研究[J]. 中国煤炭地质,2018,30(S1):94-96,104.XU Chao. Study on hot dry rock well construction key technologies[J]. Coal Geology of China, 2018, 30(S1):94-96,104. [2] ESPINOSA-PAREDES G, MORALES-DÍAZ A, OLEA-GONZÁLEZ U, et al. Application of a proportional-integral control for the estimation of static formation temperatures in oil wells[J]. Marine and Petroleum Geology, 2009, 26(2):259-268. doi: 10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2007.11.002 [3] YANG M, LUO D Y, CHEN Y H, et al. Establishing a practical method to accurately determine and manage wellbore thermal behavior in high-temperature drilling[J]. Applied Energy, 2019, 238:1471-1483. doi: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2019.01.164 [4] 李梦博,柳贡慧,李军,等. 考虑非牛顿流体螺旋流动的钻井井筒温度场研究[J]. 石油钻探技术,2014,42(5):74-79.LI Mengbo, LIU Gonghui, LI Jun, et al. Research on wellbore temperature field with helical flow of non-Newtonian fluids in drilling operation[J]. Petroleum Drilling Techniques, 2014, 42(5):74-79. [5] YANG M, MENG Y F, LI G, et al. Estimation of wellbore and formation temperatures during the drilling process under lost circulation conditions[J]. Mathematical Problems in Engineering, 2013, 2013:579091. [6] 何淼,柳贡慧,李军,等. 多相流全瞬态温度压力场耦合模型求解及分析[J]. 石油钻探技术,2015,43(2):25-32.HE Miao, LIU Gonghui, LI Jun, et al. Solution and analysis of fully transient temperature and pressure coupling model for multiphase flow[J]. Petroleum Drilling Techniques, 2015, 43(2):25-32. [7] 杨雪山,李胜,鄢捷年,等. 水平井井筒温度场模型及ECD的计算与分析[J]. 钻井液与完井液,2014,31(5):63-66. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-5620.2014.05.018YANG Xueshan, LI Sheng, YAN Jienian, et al. Temperature pattern modelling and calculation and analysis of ECD for horizontal wellbore[J]. Drilling Fluid & Completion Fluid, 2014, 31(5):63-66. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-5620.2014.05.018 [8] 管志川,李千登,宁立伟,等. 钻井液热物性参数测量及其对井筒温度场的影响[J]. 钻井液与完井液,2011,28(3):1-4.GUAN Zhichuan, LI Qiandeng, NING Liwei, et al. Study on drilling fluid thermal properties measurement and influence on wellbore temperature field[J]. Drilling Fluid & Completion Fluid, 2011, 28(3):1-4. [9] 张更,李军,柳贡慧,等. 考虑钻井液流动阻力与钻柱旋转的井筒瞬态传热新模型[J]. 断块油气田,2021,28(1):133-138.ZHANG Geng, LI Jun, LIU Gonghui, et al. Transient wellbore heat transfer new model considering drilling fluid flow resistance and drillstring rotation[J]. Fault-Block Oil and Gas Field, 2021, 28(1):133-138. [10] 杨谋,孟英峰,李皋,等. 钻井液径向温度梯度与轴向导热对井筒温度分布影响[J]. 物理学报,2013,62(7):079101. doi: 10.7498/aps.62.079101YANG Mou, MENG Yingfeng, LI Gao, et al. Effects of the radial temperature gradient and axial conduction of drilling fluid on the wellbore temperature distribution[J]. Acta Physica Sinica, 2013, 62(7):079101. doi: 10.7498/aps.62.079101 [11] 杨谋,孟英峰,李皋,等. 钻井全过程井筒-地层瞬态传热模型[J]. 石油学报,2013,34(2):366-371.YANG Mou, MENG Yingfeng, LI Gao, et al. A transient heat transfer model of wellbore and formation during the whole drilling process[J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica, 2013, 34(2):366-371. [12] 杨谋. 控温钻井技术基础理论研究[D]. 成都: 西南石油大学, 2012. YANG Mou. 外文标题缺失[D]. Chengdu: Southwest Petroleum University, 2012. [13] 赵金洲,彭瑀,李勇明,等. 基于双层非稳态导热过程的井筒温度场半解析模型[J]. 天然气工业,2016,36(1):68-75.ZHAO Jinzhou, PENG Yu, LI Yongming, et al. A semi-analytic model of wellbore temperature field based on double-layer unsteady heat conducting process[J]. Natural Gas Industry, 2016, 36(1):68-75. [14] 郭辛阳,步玉环,沈忠厚,等. 井下复杂温度条件对固井界面胶结强度的影响[J]. 石油学报,2010,31(5):834-837.GUO Xinyang, BU Yuhuan, SHEN Zhonghou, et al. The effect of downhole complex temperature conditions on the interfacial bonding strength in cementing[J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica, 2010, 31(5):834-837. [15] 何世明,何平,尹成,等. 井下循环温度模型及其敏感性分析[J]. 西南石油大学学报(自然科学版),2002,24(1):57-60.HE Shiming, HE Ping, YIN Cheng, et al. A wellbore temperature model & its' parametric sensitivity analysis[J]. Journal of Southwest Petroleum University (Science & Technology Edition) , 2002, 24(1):57-60. [16] 陈林,孙雷,彭彩珍,等. 注CO2井筒温度场分布规律模拟研究[J]. 断块油气田,2009,16(6):82-84.CHEN Lin, SUN Lei, PENG Caizhen, et al. Simulation of temperature field for CO2 injection wellbore[J]. Fault-Block Oil and Gas Field, 2009, 16(6):82-84. [17] 康鹏,李琰,戴永鹏,等. 哈拉哈塘Ф104.8 mm小井眼超深定向井难点分析及改进方向[J]. 钻采工艺,2019,42(3):122-124.KANG Peng, LI Yan, DAI Yongpeng, et al. Challenges of ultra-deep directional drilling in 104.8mm ultra-slim hole at Halahatang and improvements to be made[J]. Drilling & Production Technology, 2019, 42(3):122-124. [18] 刘洋,艾正青,李早元,等. 注水泥循环温度影响因素探讨[J]. 西南石油大学学报(自然科学版),2012,34(1):154-158.LIU Yang, AI Zhengqing, LI Zaoyuan, et al. Discussion on the influence factors of cementing circulating temperature[J]. Journal of Southwest Petroleum University (Science & Technology Edition) , 2012, 34(1):154-158. [19] 任岚,赵金洲,胡永全,等. 压裂井生产动态模拟的天然差分法[J]. 石油学报,2010,31(3):501-505. doi: 10.7623/syxb201003028REN Lan, ZHAO Jinzhou, HU Yongquan, et al. Natural difference method for production performance simulation in fractured wells[J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica, 2010, 31(3):501-505. doi: 10.7623/syxb201003028 [20] DEB K, AGRAWAL S, PRATAP A, et al. A fast elitist non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm for multi-objective optimization: NSGA-II[C]//International Conference on Parallel Problem Solving from Nature. Paris, France: Springer, 2000: 849-858. [21] DEB K, GOEL T. Controlled elitist non-dominated sorting genetic algorithms for better convergence[C]//International Conference on Evolutionary Multi-Criterion Optimization. Zurich, Switzerland: Springer, 2001: 67-81. [22] ANG K H, CHONG G, LI Y. PID control system analysis, design, and technology[J]. IEEE Transactions on Control Systems Technology, 2005, 13(4):559-576. doi: 10.1109/TCST.2005.847331 -
点击查看大图
图(7) / 表(4)
计量
- 文章访问数: 237
- HTML全文浏览量: 96
- PDF下载量: 104
- 被引次数: 0
