Effect of Natural Fracture on Reservoir Temperature Distribution during Fracturing
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摘要: 水力压裂中前置液除了具有造缝作用，在高温储层中还有不容忽视的降温作用，从而影响水力压裂开采的效果。为研究天然裂缝对前置液降温过程的影响，基于有限体积法模拟了裂缝储层水力压裂温度场，分析了天然裂缝对注液过程中裂缝温度场的影响，在此基础上探讨了天然裂缝参数对储层温度分布及前置液降温效率的影响规律。模拟结果表明：①其他条件相同时，天然裂缝的密度越大、缝宽越宽、与人工裂缝的夹角越小，改造时储层温度降低幅度越大，前置液降温效率越高，储层降温到相同温度时所需前置液用量更少；②天然裂缝密度对裂缝性储层温度场的影响最大，当裂缝密度为0.66 条/m时前置液用量仅为0.16 条/m时的三分之一。③对于深层裂缝性储层水力压裂可以考虑从降温的角度来优化前置液用量及排量，从而降低经济成本。Abstract: In hydraulic fracturing, the pre-fluid not only plays a role of fracture formation, but also plays an important role of cooling in high temperature reservoir, which affects the effect of hydraulic fracturing. In order to study the influence of natural fractures on the cooling process of precursors, the temperature field of hydraulic fracturing in fractured reservoirs was simulated based on the finite volume method, and the influence of natural fractures on the temperature field of fractures in the process of injection was analyzed. On this basis, the influence law of natural fractures parameters on the reservoir temperature distribution and the cooling efficiency of precursors was discussed. Simulation results show that: Other conditions being the same, the greater the density of natural fracture, the wider the fracture width, and the smaller the angle between the fracture and the artificial fracture, the greater the reduction in reservoir temperature during the transformation, the higher the efficiency of the pre-fluid cooling, and the less pre-fluid required to cool the reservoir to the same temperature, natural fracture density parameters on the influence of the temperature field, the largest natural fracture density of 0.66/m pre-fluid dosage is only 1/3 of 0.16/m. Therefore, for hydraulic fracturing of deep fractured reservoirs, it can be considered to optimize the amount and displacement of precursors from the perspective of cooling, so as to reduce the economic cost.
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Key words:
- Hydraulic fracturing /
- Natural fracture /
- Pre-fluid /
- Cooling effect /
- Finite volume method /
- Stable time
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表 1 模型基本参数
变量 参数值 地层岩石性质 ρ/(g·cm−3) 2.70 导热系数λrock/（W·(m·K)−1） 5.2 比热容C/（J·(Kg·K)−1） 1 000 前置液性质 AV/mPa·s 100 ρ/(g·cm−3) 1.09 导热系数λl/（W·(m·K)−1） 0.65 初始条件 井底注入温度Ta/℃ 60 地层温度T0/℃ 120 施工排量Q/（m3·min−1） 5 
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