Research and Application of Dual-protective Oilfield Water Drilling Fluids System Without Solid
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摘要: 针对塔河油田奥陶系碳酸盐岩储层开发过程中，常规聚磺钻井液体系含不酸溶固相漏失后污染储层，磺化类处理剂不符合绿色开发理念等技术难题，因地制宜地引入油田水配制无固相钻井液，避免了固相对储层的损害，并优选出了抗高温抗钙增黏剂、流型调节剂、抗高温抗钙聚合物降滤失剂等关键处理剂，开发出了双保型油田水无固相钻井液体系。室内评价数据显示，该钻井液抗温可达150 ℃，动塑比高达0.68～0.76 Pa/mPa·s，生物毒性指标EC50高达28 600 mg/L，生物降解指标BOD5/CODCr高达21.35%，为无毒易降解钻井液体系，动态渗透率恢复值高达91.8%，具有良好的储层保护性能。研发的双保型油田水无固相钻井液体系成功在10多口深侧钻井应用，应用效果显著。Abstract: During the development of the carbonate reservoir of the Tahe oilfield, the conventional polysulfonate drilling fluid damages reservoir duo to non-acid-soluble solid phase after loss, and sulfonalized agent does not conform to the concept of green development. The oilfield water is introduced to formulate a solid free drilling fluid to avoid damage reservoir from solid, and the key treatment agents such as anti-high temperature anti-calcium viscosifier, flow pattern modifiers, high-temperature anti-calcium polymer filtrate reducer. The dual-protective oilfield water drilling fluids system without solid was developed. Indoor evaluation datas show that the drilling fluid was heat resistant to 150 ℃, the ratio between yield point and plastic viscosity is as high as 0.68～0.76 Pa/mPa·s, the EC50 value of biological toxicity indicators is as high as 28,600 mg/L, and the bio-degradation index BOD5/CODCr is as high as 21.35%. The dynamic permeability recovery value is as high as 91.8%, which has good formation damage control performance. The developed dual-protective oilfield water drilling fluids without solid were successfully used in more than ten sidetrack wells,and the application effect was significant.
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Key words:
- Solid-free /
- Drilling fluid /
- Formation damage control /
- Loss /
- Environmental protection
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表 1 纯碱加量对油田水钙离子含量的影响
纯碱/
%钙离子含量/
mg·L−1纯碱/
%钙离子含量/
mg·L−1纯碱/
%钙离子含量/
mg·L−10 13 280 2 6910 4 860 1 10 160 3 3885 
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表 2 预处理油田水钻井液用增黏剂的优选
增黏
剂实验
条件AV/
mPa·sPV/
mPa·sYP/
PaHV-CMC 热滚前 35.0 29.0 6.0 热滚后 5.0 4.0 1.0 PAC-HV 热滚前 46.0 37.0 9.0 热滚后 4.5 4.0 0.5 80A51 热滚前 53.0 48.0 5.0 热滚后 6.0 5.0 1.0 SMVIS 热滚前 58.0 52.0 6.0 热滚后 28.0 24.0 4.0 注：测试温度为50 ℃；增黏剂的加量均为1%；热滚条件为140 ℃、16 h。
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表 3 预处理油田水钻井液用降滤失剂的优选
降滤
失剂实验
条件AV/
mPa·sPV/
mPa·sYP/
PaFLAPI/
mL0.5%PAC-LV 热滚前 21 19.0 2.0 热滚后 16 15.0 1.0 19.4 0.5%LV-CMC 热滚前 16 14.0 2.0 热滚后 13 12.0 1.0 15.6 0.5%SMPFL-C 热滚前 19 16.5 2.5 热滚后 16 15.0 1.0 12.4 2%改性淀粉SMART 热滚前 15 13.0 2.0 热滚后 13 11.5 1.5 9.2 2%羧甲基淀粉 热滚前 17 15.0 2.0 热滚后 12 11.0 1.0 16.4 2%预胶化淀粉 热滚前 18 16.0 2.0 热滚后 10 9.0 1.0 21.2 注：流变参数测试温度为50 ℃；热滚条件为140 ℃、16 h。
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表 4 预处理油田水钻井液用流型调节剂的优选
配方 测试条件 AV/
mPa·sPV/
mPa·sYP/
PaYP/PV/
Pa/mPa·sFLAPI/
mL0.3%黄原胶 热滚前 35.0 21.0 14.0 0.67 热滚后 20.5 16.0 4.5 0.28 5.0 0.3%胍尔胶 热滚前 35.0 22.0 13.0 0.59 热滚后 24.0 19.0 5.0 0.26 4.6 0.3%SMRM-2 热滚前 49.0 25.0 24.0 0.96 热滚后 29.0 19.0 10.0 0.53 4.2 注：流变参数测试温度为50 ℃；热滚条件为140 ℃、16 h。
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表 5 不同密度油田水无固相钻井液的性能
ρ/
g·cm−3测试
条件AV/
mPa·sPV/
mPa·sYP/
PaYP/PV/
Pa/mPa·sGel/
Pa/PaFLAPI/
mLFLHTHP/
mLKf 1.08 热滚前 39 23 16 0.70 5.0/5.5 热滚后 32 19 13 0.68 4.0/4.5 4.6 14.2 0.0437 1.12 热滚前 41 24 17 0.71 5.5/6.0 热滚后 29 17 12 0.71 4.5/5.0 4.8 13.6 0.0524 1.16 热滚前 41 26 15 0.58 4.5/5.5 热滚后 30 17 13 0.76 4.5/5.0 3.6 12.8 0.0524 1.30 热滚前 48.0 30 18.0 0.60 5.0/6.5 热滚后 33.5 21 12.5 0.60 5.0/6.0 2.2 10.2 1.50 热滚前 57.0 35 22.0 0.63 6.0/9.0 热滚后 45.0 30 15.0 0.50 6.0/8.5 1.4 8.4 注：流变参数测试温度为50 ℃；高温高压滤失量测试温度为140 ℃。
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表 6 油田水无固相钻井液在不同热滚温度下的性能
T热滚/℃ ρ/（g·cm−3） AV/mPa·s PV/mPa·s YP/Pa YP/PV/（Pa/mPa·s） Gel/Pa/Pa FLAPI/mL FLHTHP/mL 140 1.16 40.5 21.0 19.5 0.93 4.5/5.0 3.6 12.8 150 1.16 37.5 21.0 16.5 0.79 3.0/4.0 6.0 18.6 160 1.16 29.0 17.0 12.0 0.71 1.5/3.0 10.4 35.2 注：流变参数测试温度为50 ℃；高温高压滤失量测试温度为140 ℃。
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表 7 油田水无固相钻井液环保性能的评价结果
钻井液 EC50/（mg/L） BOD5/CODCr/% 聚磺钻井液体系 752 8.56 油田水无固相钻井液体系 28600 21.35
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表 8 岩心流动实验仪动态渗透率恢复实验结果
钻井液 Kg/
10−3µm2Kw1/
10−3µm2Kw2/
10−3µm2R/
%聚磺钻井液体系 4.322 2.356 2.031 86.7 油田水无固相钻井液 6.102 2.103 1.912 91.8
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表 9 TK-A井双保型油田水无固相钻井液的性能
井深/m ρ/（g·cm−3） FV/s PV/mPa·s YP/Pa YP/PV/（Pa/mPa·s） Gel/（Pa/Pa） FLAPI/mL FLHTHP/mL Vs/% Kf 6069.0 1.10 43 15 9 0.60 2.0/3.0 3.6 13.2 4 0.05 6158.4 1.10 44 16 10 0.63 3.0/4.0 4.2 13.8 4 0.05 6179.7 1.10 44 17 11 0.65 3.5/4.5 3.8 13.0 4 0.05 6244.8 1.16 44 18 12 0.67 3.0/4.0 4.0 14.0 6 0.05 6335.7 1.16 43 17 11 0.65 3.5/4.5 4.2 14.2 6 0.05 6404.4 1.16 45 19 11 0.58 3.0/4.5 4.4 14.0 6 0.05 6415.7 1.17 40 17 9 0.53 2.5/3.5 4.6 14.6 6 0.05 6447.6 1.17 39 16 8 0.50 2.0/4.0 4.2 14.2 6 0.05
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