Research on Class Structural Environmentally Friendly Emulsifiers for Oil-based Drilling Fluids
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摘要: 采用含有环保脂酯类衍生物环氧脂肪酸酯为原材料与多胺反应形成具有双子表面活性剂结构的主乳化剂，再以主乳化剂为原材料，通过部分磺化形成具有类似结构的油基钻井液用多元类结构环保乳化剂。通过红外与质谱表征确定了乳化剂分子结构，抗温能够达到180℃，破乳电压达到900 V以上，乳化率超过90%。能够适应低油水比油基钻井液环境，适应不同基础油配制的钻井液体系。适应不同密度钻井液体系。具有优异的生物可降解能力。建立了一种乳滴微观形貌的评价方法来判断乳化剂形成乳滴的稳定性，确定了乳化剂加量高的条件下可以有效改善油包水乳滴的均匀性与高温稳定性。Abstract: Using environmentally friendly ester derivatives such as epoxy fatty acid esters as raw materials, react with polyamines to form a main emulsifier with a Gemini surfactant structure. Then, using the main emulsifier as raw material, partially sulfonate it to form a multi class environmentally friendly emulsifier with a similar structure for oil-based drilling fluids. The molecular structure of the emulsifier was determined through infrared and mass spectrometry characterization, with a temperature resistance of up to 180℃, a demulsification voltage of over 900V, and an emulsification rate of over 90%. Capable of adapting to low oil-water ratio oil-based drilling fluid environments and drilling fluid systems formulated with different base oils. Adapt to drilling fluid systems with different densities. Has excellent biodegradability. A method for evaluating the microstructure of emulsion droplets was established to determine the stability of emulsion droplet formation, and it was determined that high emulsifier dosage can effectively improve the uniformity and high-temperature stability of oil in water emulsion droplets.
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Key words:
- Oil based drilling fluid /
- Emulsifier /
- Fatty acid esters /
- class structure
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表 1 不同结构的复合乳化剂乳化效果对比
序号 乳化剂 特征结构 乳化率/% 破乳电压/V 1 多元类结构
环保乳化剂二乙烯三胺 97 970 2 TEFN 三乙烯四胺 93 627 3 FEFN 四乙烯五胺 84 521 
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表 2 不同主辅乳化剂配比复合乳化剂形成钻井液老化前后乳化效果
主辅乳化剂摩尔比 老化条件 乳化率/% ES/V 4∶1 老化前 97 970 180℃、16 h 95 732 8∶1 老化前 98 682 180℃、16 h 86 422 1∶2 老化前 72 210 180℃、16 h 68 202 1∶0 老化前 98 473 180℃、16 h 82 301 0∶1 老化前 57 42 180℃、16 h 55 36
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表 3 不同油水比下多元类结构环保乳化剂钻井液老化前后乳化效果
油水比 PV/mPa·s YP/Pa FLHTHP/mL ES/V 90︰10 33 3.5 2.6 1346 80︰20 38 8.5 2.2 985 70︰30 42 10.0 2.4 572 60︰40 45 11 2.8 513
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表 4 不同密度下多元类结构环保乳化剂钻井液老化前后乳化效果
ρ/
g/cm3老化
条件PV/
mP·sYP/
PaES/
V沉降
系数1.5 老化前 28 4.5 615 180℃、24 h 22 3.0 521 0.506 1.8 老化前 38 8.5 985 180℃、24 h 33 5.0 624 0.510 2.0 老化前 42 10.5 1070 180℃、24 h 38 7.0 812 0.514 2.2 老化前 53 11 1254 / 180℃、24 h 48 9.0 723 0.518
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表 5 复合乳化剂所形成酯类油基钻井液性能评价
钻井液 老化
条件PV/
mPa·sYP/
PaFLHTHP/
mLES/
V白油基 老化前 38 8.5 2.2 985 180℃、24 h 33 5.0 2.6 624 柴油基 老化前 36 6.0 2.4 654 180℃、24 h 42 4.0 3.0 521 液蜡基 老化前 44 10 1.8 925 180℃、24 h 46 6.5 2.2 712 合成酯 老化前 46 10.5 1.6 1127 180℃、24 h 42 7.0 2.0 810
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