Simulation Analysis of Fiber-optic Monitoring of Mechanical Behavior of Cement Sheath in Gas Storage Wells with Defects
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摘要: 当前固井水泥环在线监测仍是难题，永置式光纤监测视为最有效的监测途径，但水泥环力学行为缺乏动态表征。针对此问题采用COMSOL有限元软件建立了交变载荷下的套管-水泥环-地层组合体热-力耦合模型，定量表征了典型缺陷与监测特征参数间的映射关系。结果表明，缺陷导致水泥环径向温度场出现梯度跳跃。剪切和界面微环隙缺陷在注、采气末期的整体温度比完整水泥环低0.5～3 K，储气末期则升高0.05～1 K，温差峰值集中缺陷边界处。拉伸缺陷在注、储气末期降温0～3.6 K，采气末期则升温0.8 K，且最大温差向外壁转移。力学响应方面，缺陷区域因承载能力丧失处于完全卸载状态，径向应力和应变同步降至0 MPa。非缺陷区域的力学场从线性分布演变为分段不规则梯度分布。其中，拉伸缺陷引起的非线性扰动最剧烈，其非缺陷区应力变幅达7.2 MPa，与完整水泥环的最大应力偏差达5 MPa。剪切缺陷在边界处诱发载荷重分布，注气末期应力比正常值高1.1 MPa，储、采气末期则低1.4 MPa。界面微环隙的力学响应最弱，应力变化仅为1 MPa。通过应力应变卸载状态、异常温度场与非均匀应力场耦合特性可定位水泥环缺陷，研究结果可为储气库固井水泥环健康在线监测与损伤识别提供量化基础模型支撑。Abstract: Online monitoring of cement sheath integrity remains a challenge, and permanent fiber-optic monitoring is regarded as the most effective monitoring approach; however, dynamic characterization of the mechanical behavior of the cement sheath is lacking. To address this issue, a thermo-mechanical coupling model of the casing–cement sheath–formation assembly under alternating loads was established using COMSOL finite element software, and the mapping relationships between typical defects and monitoring characteristic parameters were quantitatively characterized. The results show that defects cause gradient jumps in the radial temperature field of the cement sheath. For shear defects and interfacial micro-annulus defects, the overall temperature at the end of gas injection and gas production is 0.5–3 K lower than that of an intact cement sheath, while at the end of gas storage it increases by 0.05–1 K, with the peak temperature difference concentrated at the defect boundaries. For tensile defects, the temperature decreases by 0–3.6 K at the end of gas injection and gas storage, and increases by 0.8 K at the end of gas production, with the maximum temperature difference shifting toward the outer wall. In terms of mechanical response, the defect regions are in a fully unloaded state due to loss of load-bearing capacity, and the radial stress and strain simultaneously drop to 0 MPa. The mechanical field in non-defect regions evolves from a linear distribution to a piecewise irregular gradient distribution. Among them, the nonlinear disturbance caused by tensile defects is the most severe, with the stress variation amplitude in non-defect regions reaching 7.2 MPa and a maximum stress deviation of 5 MPa from the intact cement sheath. Shear defects induce load redistribution at the boundaries, with the stress at the end of gas injection being 1.1 MPa higher than the normal value and 1.4 MPa lower at the end of gas storage and gas production. The mechanical response of interfacial micro-annulus defects is the weakest, with a stress variation of only 1 MPa. Cement sheath defects can be located through the coupling characteristics of stress–strain unloading states, anomalous temperature fields, and non-uniform stress fields. The research results provide a quantitative foundational model for health online monitoring and damage identification of cement sheaths in gas storage wells.
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表 1 材料性能参数
介质 外径/
mm壁厚/
mm杨氏模量/
GPa泊松比μ 密度/
kg·m−3屈服强度/
MPa套管 474.03 11.03 206 0.3 8020 810 水泥环 558.6 42.84 21 0.23 2200 40 地层 18 0.28 2210 30 光纤 73.1 0.17 2203 6×103 
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表 2 材料热力学参数
材料 热膨胀系数/
10−5/℃导热系数/
W/m·K恒压热容/
J/kg·K套管 1.36 50.00 500 水泥环 1.10 1.20 1000 地层 1.03 3.50 950 光纤 5.50 1.38 703
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