超高温高密度油基钻井液研究与性能评价

邱正松; 赵冲; 张现斌; 张健; 赵颖; 陈安亮; 杨中锋

doi:10.12358/j.issn.1001-5620.2021.06.001

超高温高密度油基钻井液研究与性能评价

doi: 10.12358/j.issn.1001-5620.2021.06.001

邱正松^1, ,,
赵冲¹,
张现斌^{2, 3},
张健^{2, 3},
赵颖^{2, 3},
陈安亮^{2, 3},
杨中锋^{2, 3}

1.
中国石油大学（华东）石油工程学院, 山东青岛266580
2.
天津市复杂条件钻井液企业重点实验室, 天津300280
3.
中国石油集团渤海钻探工程有限公司, 天津300280

基金项目: 中国石油天然气集团公司重大科技专项“油田用化工新材料产品开发”（2020E-28）；天津市科技计划项目“非常规和深层油气资源开发钻井液关键技术研究”（19PTSYJC00120）资助

详细信息

作者简介:
邱正松，博士生导师，1964年生，长期从事钻井液完井液理论与技术研究的科研及教学工作。E-mail：qiuzs63@sina.com

通讯作者:
赵冲，1974年生，在读博士研究生，主要从事钻井液新技术研究工作，E-mail：zhaochong@cnpc.com.cn

中图分类号: TE254.3
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2021-08-20
- 网络出版日期: 2021-11-30
- 刊出日期: 2021-11-30

Study and Performance Evaluation of Ultra-High Temperature High Density Oil Based Drilling Fluids

QIU Zhengsong^{1
, ,},
ZHAO Chong¹,
ZHANG Xianbin^{2, 3},
ZHANG Jian^{2, 3},
ZHAO Ying^{2, 3},
CHEN Anliang^{2, 3},
YANG Zhongfeng^{2, 3}

1.
School of Petroleum Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China),Qingdao, Shandong 266580
2.
Tianjin Key Laboratory of Complicated Conditions Drilling Fluids, Tianjin 300280
3.
CNPC Bohai Drilling Engineering Company Limited, Tianjin 300280

摘要

摘要: 深层超深层油气钻探中面临着超高温高压、高压盐水、巨厚盐膏层和泥页岩层等复杂地质条件，导致油基钻井液的乳化稳定性、流变、滤失损耗等性能极难调控。合成了不饱和酸酐接枝妥尔油脂肪烃基的咪唑啉酰胺类主乳化剂和辅乳化剂，选用抗高温增黏剂、流型调节剂、润湿剂和降滤失剂，采用API重晶石和超细硫酸钡复合加重，构建了超高温高密度油基钻井液配方。性能评价结果表明，该超高温高密度油基钻井液抗温达220 ℃，复合加重后流变性显著改善，密度最高可达2.8 g/cm³，可抗40%淡水、40%复合盐水、5%～10%泥页岩岩屑和5%～10%石膏污染；在65 ℃/常压～220 ℃/172.5 MPa下具有良好的流变稳定性和悬浮稳定性。该超高温高密度油基钻井液为深层超深层油气资源的安全高效钻探提供了技术支撑。
- 超高温高压 /
- 油基钻井液 /
- 咪唑啉酰胺乳化剂 /
- 超细加重材料 /
- 高温高压流变性 /
- 稳定性
Abstract: Difficulties in controlling the emulsion stability, rheology and filtration property of the oil based drilling fluids are often encountered in drilling deep and ultra-deep wells in which high temperatures, high pressure formations and salt-waters, thick salt and gypsum zones and shale formations are penetrated. To deal with these problems, an ultra-high temperature high density oil based drilling fluid was formulated with synthesized emulsifiers, high temperature viscosifier, flow pattern additive, wetting agent, filter loss reducer and ultra-fine barite. The emulsifiers are an imidazoline amide with tall oil aliphatic hydrocarbon group grafted with unsaturated anhydride. Laboratory evaluation of the drilling fluid demonstrated that this drilling fluid can work normally at temperatures up to 220 ℃. The density of the drilling fluid can be weighted to 2.8 g/cm³. Using compounded weighting agents significantly improved the rheology of the drilling fluid. This drilling fluid is able to resist to contamination from 40% fresh water, or 40% compound salt water, or 5% – 10% shale cuttings, or 5% – 10% gypsum. The drilling fluid had good rheological stability and suspending stability at 65 ℃/atmospheric pressure to 220 ℃/172.5 MPa. This ultra-high temperature high density oil based drilling fluid has provided a technical support to the safe and efficient development of deep and ultra-deep buried oil and gas resources.
- Ultra-high temperature high pressure /
- Oil based drilling fluid /
- Imidazoline amide emulsifier /
- Ultra-fine weighting material /
- High temperature high pressure rheology /
- Stability

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图 1 高温乳化剂红外光谱分析

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表 1 含乳化剂油包水钻井液的抗温能力评价

热滚条件	PV/ mPa·s	YP/ Pa	FL_HTHP/ mL	ES/ V
热滚前	36.0	5.76		1328
150 ℃、16 h	36.0	7.20	2.8	1242
180 ℃、16 h	35.0	4.80	3.6	1049
200 ℃、16 h	34.5	4.80	4.2	917
220 ℃、16 h	30.0	4.32	4.8	709

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表 2 密度为2.5 g/cm³油基钻井液高温热滚前后性能评价

热滚条件	PV/ mPa·s	YP/ Pa	Gel/ Pa/Pa	FL_HTHP/ mL	ES/ V
热滚前	69	18.0	12.5/14.5		1893
200 ℃、16 h	67	8.0	4.0/5.0	5.2	1242
220 ℃、16 h	61	6.5	3.5/5.0	7.6	1034

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表 3 抗温200～220 ℃密度2.5 g/cm³油基钻井液配方优化及性能评价

钻井液	热滚条件	PV/ mPa·s	YP/ Pa	Gel/ Pa/Pa	FL_HTHP/ mL	ES/ V
3^#	热滚前	68	20	16.0/18.5		2070
	220 ℃、16 h	66	11.5	8.5/14.0	4.8	2055
	200 ℃、72 h	68	12	7.0/12.5	5.2	1716
	220 ℃、72 h	61	12.5	7.5/15.0	6.0	1882
4^#	热滚前	94	20	10.0/17.5		2063
	220 ℃、16 h	55	2.5	2.5/11.5	2.4	2070
	200 ℃、72 h	60	3.5	4.0/7.5	5.6	2055
	220 ℃、72 h	52	6.5	3.5/6.5	5.6	2062

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表 4 超细硫酸钡对超高温高密度油基钻井液性能影响的对比评价

ρ/ g·cm⁻³	热滚条件	PV/ mPa·s	YP/ Pa	Gel/ Pa/Pa	FL_HTHP/ mL	ES/ V	S_R
2.70 （4^#）	热滚前	135	20.0	12.5/15.0		2048
2.70 （4^#）	200 ℃、16 h	93	8.0	4.0/8.5	5.0	2050	0.998
2.70 （4^#*）	热滚前	88	11.5	7.5/10.5		2048
2.70 （4^#*）	200 ℃、16 h	68	7.0	5.0/7.5	4.2	2050	1.000
2.70 （4^#）	热滚前	112	16.5	10.0/15.0		2048
2.70 （4^#）	220 ℃、16 h	90	5.0	2.0/7.5	4.8	2050	0.993
2.70 （4^#*）	热滚前	115	22.5	16.0/20.0		2048
2.70 （4^#*）	220 ℃、16 h	79	4.0	3.0/7.5	4.0	2050	1.000
2.60 （4^#*）	热滚前	77	18.0	12.0/21.0		2048
	200 ℃、16 h	71	5.0	3.0/5.0	4.8	2050	1.000
	220 ℃、16 h	80	6.0	5.0/7.0	5.2	1950	1.000
2.80 （5^#）	热滚前	92	15.0	6.0/10.0		2050
	220 ℃、16 h	93	7.0	5.0/6.5	3.2	2050	1.000
	220 ℃、72 h	92	11.0	7.0/14.0	2.8	2050	1.000
2.80 （6^#）	热滚前	68	8.5	4.5/8.0		2050
	220 ℃、16 h	68	8.5	5.5/7.0	5.0	1736	1.000
	220 ℃、72 h	87	11.0	8.0/10.5	6.0	1091	1.000
注：4^#*配方为4^#+90%高密度重晶石+10%超细硫酸钡

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表 5 超高温高密度油基钻井液（7^#配方）抗污染实验（150 ℃、16 h）

污染因素	PV/ mPa·s	YP/ Pa	Gel/ Pa/Pa	FL_HTHP/ mL	ES/ V
污染前	56.0	9.0	4.0/4.5	3.2	2048
200 mL淡水	55.0	11.0	4.5/6.5	3.4	1267
400 mL淡水	67.0	13.5	5.5/8.5	3.6	703
200 mL复合盐水	67.0	15.5	3.5/4.5	4.4	765
400 mL复合盐水	84.0	21.5	4.5/5.0	1.0	401
100 g岩屑	68.0	14.5	6.0/8.5	2.0	2045
100 g硫酸钙	75.0	12.5	5.0/6.5	3.9	1872
注：污染因素为每升钻井液的加入量

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表 6 超高温高密度油基钻井液（8^#配方）抗污染实验（180 ℃、16 h）

污染因素	PV/ mPa·s	YP/ Pa	Gel/ Pa/Pa	FL_HTHP/ mL	ES/ V
污染前	66	9.0	5.0/6.5	5.4	2048
400 mL清水	61	12.0	5.0/7.0	4.0	384
400 mL复合盐水	74	15.5	7.0/8.0	5.0	388
50 g岩屑	87	6.5	5.2/7.0	4.2	1243
50 g硫酸钙	83	5.5	5.6/8.0	4.2	1509
注：污染因素为每升钻井液的加入量

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表 7 超高温高密度油基钻井液的高温高压流变性测试

T/ ℃	P/ MPa	φ₆₀₀	φ₃₀₀	PV/ mPa·s	YP/ Pa	φ₆	φ₃	LSYP/ Pa
65		107.5	64.9	42.6	11.15	15.9	14.7	6.48
65	34.5	180.7	104.8	75.9	14.45	19.7	18.5	8.30
150	69.0	87.0	56.2	30.8	12.70	17.2	16.3	7.39
150	138.0	114.9	64.9	50.0	7.45	15.4	14.3	6.34
180	138.0	92.9	52.6	40.3	6.15	13.9	12.8	5.62
180	172.5	119.9	69.7	50.2	9.75	15.5	14.6	6.58
200	172.5	110.8	62.4	48.2	7.20	14.2	13.4	6.05
220	172.5	105.4	59.2	46.2	6.50	12.9	11.9	5.32

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表 8 环境温度对油基钻井液流变性的影响

T/℃	φ₁₀₀	φ₆	T/℃	φ₁₀₀	φ₆
10	186	19	40	61	8
20	153	16	50	47	7
30	65	10	65	32	6

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