Volume 42 Issue 2
Apr.  2025
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BIN Yujie, HAN Xiaoyang, TIAN Zhenrui, et al.Rheology of a viscoelastic hexameric cationic surfactant micellar fracturing fluid[J]. Drilling Fluid & Completion Fluid，2025, 42（2）：262-274 doi: 10.12358/j.issn.1001-5620.2025.02.015
Citation: BIN Yujie, HAN Xiaoyang, TIAN Zhenrui, et al.Rheology of a viscoelastic hexameric cationic surfactant micellar fracturing fluid[J]. Drilling Fluid & Completion Fluid，2025, 42（2）：262-274 doi: 10.12358/j.issn.1001-5620.2025.02.015
shu

Rheology of a Viscoelastic Hexameric Cationic Surfactant Micellar Fracturing Fluid

doi: 10.12358/j.issn.1001-5620.2025.02.015
  • 1.

    East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237

  • 2.

    Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development, Beijing 100803

  • Received Date: 2024-08-06
  • Accepted Date: 2024-09-10
  • Rev Recd Date: 2024-09-10
  • Publish Date: 2025-04-17
    Abstract
  • In developing new viscoelastic (VES) thickening agents and new fracturing fluids, several raw materials, including ethylenediamine, epichlorohydrin, erucamide propyl dimethyl tertiary amine (PKO-E) and sodium chloroacetate were used to first produce tetrameric cationic surfactant (TET), hexameric cationic surfactant (HET) and tetrameric zwitterionic surfactant (TZI), and the surfactants were then reacted with counterion salts potassium bromide (KBr) and sodium salicylate (NaSal) to produce a viscoelastic micelle, from which four VES fracturing fluids were formulated. The effects of the types and concentrations of the counterion salts and the concentrations of the surfactants on the rheology of the micellar systems were investigated, and the steady-state viscosity, flow curve, viscoelasticity, thixotropy, thermal-thixotropy and the modulus-temperature curve of the viscoelastic HET/KBr micellar system, as well as the optimum composition of the HET/KBr micellar system were obtained. A four-parameter rheological dynamics equation and a four-parameter viscosity-temperature equation were developed to describe the change of viscosity with shearing time and the temperature thixotropy of the HET/KBr system, respectively. The rheological differences among the micellar systems HET/KBr, HET/NaSal, TET/KBr and TZI/KBr were also understood. The effects of NaOH on delaying the generation of micelles in the HET/HSal system were preliminarily investigated.

     

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