一种环保油基钻井液体系

刘永峰; 张伟国; 狄明利; 陈斌; 左坤; 汪顺文; 可点

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1001-5620.2021.04.008

一种环保油基钻井液体系

doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-5620.2021.04.008

1.
中海石油（中国）有限公司深圳分公司，广东深圳 518067
2.
中海油服油田化学事业部深圳作业公司，广东深圳 518067
3.
荆州嘉华科技有限公司，湖北荆州 434000

基金项目: 中海石油（中国）有限公司科研项目“南海东部大位移井高效作业技术研究” (YXKY-ZL-SZ-2019-02)

详细信息

作者简介:
刘永峰，高级工程师，2005年毕业于西南石油大学石油工程专业，现在主要从事海上大位移钻完井现场作业和技术研究工作。电话13823565362；E-mail：liuyf7@cnooc.com.cn / liuyf7@cnooc.com.cn

中图分类号: TE254.3
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2021-02-25
- 网络出版日期: 2023-11-09
- 刊出日期: 2021-07-31

An Environmentally Friendly Oil Base Mud

1.
Shenzhen Branch of CNOOC (China) Co., Ltd., Shenzhen, Guangdong 518067
2.
Shenzhen Operation Company of Oilfield Chemical Division of COSL, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518067
3.
Jingzhou Jiahua Technology Co., Ltd., Jingzhou, Hubei 434000

摘要

摘要: 针对目前油基钻井液存在因所含矿物油和处理剂的生物毒性大，而被限制或禁止排放的问题，制备出生物毒性低的油基钻井液基油，合成高效低毒的一体化乳化剂和新型高凝胶改性有机土，并对钻井液处理剂及加量进行优选，最终形成了一套环保型油基钻井液体系。该钻井液体系的生物毒性LC₅₀达到15 000 mg/L以上，生物可降解性好；体系的流变性良好，破乳电压达到800 V以上，高温高压滤失量小于6 mL；钻井液体系能抗5%石膏、5%钻屑和15%盐水污染；该油基钻井液应用性良好，油水比可在60/40～90/10的范围内调节，密度可在1.25～2.0 g/cm³范围内调节，抗温可达220 ℃，高温稳定性良好。研究结果表明，环保型油基钻井液具有低毒环保、可降解等优势，抗污染、抗高温、稳定性强、可调节范围广，完全可满足较复杂地层和环境保护要求高区块对钻井液的要求。
- 油基钻井液 /
- 基础油 /
- 乳化剂 /
- 生物毒性 /
- 有机土 /
- 高温 /
- 沉降稳定性
Abstract: Mineral oils and several oil base mud additives presently in use are highly biologically toxic and the discharge of oil base muds formulated with them are prohibited or limited. To minimize the toxicity of oil base muds, an environmentally friendly oil base mud was formulated with a weakly biologically toxic base oil, a high efficiency low-toxicity all-in-one emulsifier, a new modified high-gel organophilic clay and other additives developed. The concentrations of these additives were optimized to obtain an oil base mud with satisfactory performance. The oil base mud has LC₅₀ of greater than 15,000 mg/L and is biologically degradable. The oil base mud has good rheology, and its electrical stability is at least 800 V. The HTHP filtration rate is less than 6 mL. This oil base mud is resistant to contamination from 5% gypsum or 5% drilled cuttings or 15% salt water. The oil/water ratio of the mud can be adjusted between 60/40 and 90/10, and the density can be controlled between 1.25 g/cm³ and 2.0 g/cm³. This oil base mud has good high temperature stability, it functions normally at 220 ℃. These properties can satisfy the needs of drilling in wells penetrating complex formations and in area with stringent environment protection requirements.
- Oil base mud /
- Base oil /
- Emulsifier /
- Biological toxicity /
- Organophilic clay /
- High temperature /
- Settling stability

HTML全文

图 1 饱和盐水对体系破乳电压影响

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图 2 环保油基钻井液抑制性能评价

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表 1 油基钻井液基油的理化性能

基油	闪点/ ℃	ρ/ g·cm⁻³	运动黏度/ mm²/s	芳烃含量/%	苯胺点/℃	倾点/ ℃
V170	85	0.76	20.0	＜0.01	＞85	−24
0^#柴油	80	0.76	58.4	19.40		−3
5^#白油	112	0.82	32.9	3.90	60	0
Saraline 185V	110	0.81	28.0	＜0.01	＞85	−20
注：密度为20 ℃测得，运动黏度为40 ℃测得

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表 2 乳化剂EF-EMUL对钻井液生物毒性和性能的影响

EF-EMUL/ %	LC₅₀/ mg·L⁻¹	实验条件	φ₆₀₀/ φ₃₀₀	AV/ mPa·s	PV/ mPa·s	YP/ Pa	ES/ V
0	＞30 000	热滚前	76/45	38	31	7	523
0	＞30 000	热滚后	82/47	41	35	6	412
1	3800	热滚前	74/45	37	29	8	567
1	3800	热滚后	76/45	38	31	7	602
2	2000	热滚前	84/50	42	34	8	766
2	2000	热滚后	90/51	45	39	6	658
3	1400	热滚前	90/55	45	35	10	863
3	1400	热滚后	86/51	43	35	8	850
4	800	热滚前	96/60	48	36	12	937
4	800	热滚后	90/53	45	37	8	930
注：热滚条件为150 ℃、16 h

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表 3 加入2%改性有机土后油基钻井液的性能

基础油	LC₅₀/ mg·L⁻¹	实验条件	φ₆₀₀/ φ₃₀₀	AV/ mPa·s	PV/ mPa·s	YP/ Pa	胶体率/%
柴油	＞30 000	热滚前	26/17.0	13	9.0	4	98
柴油	＞30 000	热滚后	24/15.5	12	8.5	3	98
白油	＞30 000	热滚前	28/18.5	14	9.5	4	88
白油	＞30 000	热滚后	26/18.0	13	8.0	5	88
V170基油	＞30 000	热滚前	28/19.0	14	9.0	5	80
V170基油	＞30 000	热滚后	26/17.0	13	9.0	4	80
注：热滚条件为150 ℃、16 h

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表 4 处理剂优选实验

处理剂		LC₅₀/ mg·L⁻¹	AV/ mPa·s	PV/ mPa·s	YP/ Pa	ES/ V	FL_HTHP/ mL
降滤失剂	HIFLO-1	8000	61	51	10	1507	4.8
	HIFLO-2	30 000	65	55	10	1103	7.8
	HIFLO-3	40 000	40	33	7	976	4.2
	HIFLO-4	50 000	70	64	6	1167	8.2
封堵剂	HISEAL-1	30 000	48	40	8	984	4.2
	HISEAL-2	40 000	46	38	8	1053	3.6
	HISEAL-3	50 000	52	43	9	873	4.6
	HISEAL-4	40 000	44	36	8	905	4.4
注：热滚条件为150 ℃、16 h

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表 5 不同密度环保型油基钻井液性能

ρ/ g·cm⁻³	实验条件	AV/ mPa·s	PV/ mPa·s	YP/ Pa	ES/ V	FL_HTHP/ mL
1.25	热滚前	30.5	25	5.5	554	3.8
1.25	热滚后	28.0	22	6.0	678	3.8
1.5	热滚前	37.0	31	6.0	846	3.2
1.5	热滚后	38.0	30	8.0	691	3.2
1.8	热滚前	46.0	39	7.0	764	3.0
1.8	热滚后	50.0	41	9.0	1145	3.0
2.0	热滚前	52.0	45	7.0	927	3.6
2.0	热滚后	60.0	50	10.0	831	3.6
注：热滚条件为150 ℃、16 h

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表 6 不同油水比环保型油基钻井液性能

油水比	实验条件	AV/ mPa·s	PV/ mPa·s	YP/ Pa	ES/ V	FL_HTHP/ mL
90∶10	热滚前	38	32	6	847	4.0
90∶10	热滚后	40	33	7	1099	4.0
85∶15	热滚前	46	38	8	764	3.2
85∶15	热滚后	50	40	10	1145	3.2
80∶20	热滚前	52	43	9	723	4.8
80∶20	热滚后	60	51	10	1126	4.8
70∶30	热滚前	64	54	10	676	5.2
70∶30	热滚后	68	56	12	988	5.2
60∶40	热滚前	69	60	9	532	7.6
60∶40	热滚后	71	63	8	657	7.6
注：热滚条件为150 ℃、16 h

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表 7 不同温度环保型油基钻井液性能

T/ ℃	实验条件	AV/ mPa·s	PV/ mPa·s	YP/ Pa	ES/ V	FL_HTHP/ mL
150	热滚前	46	40	6	764	3.2
150	热滚16 h	50	42	8	1145	3.2
160	热滚前	47	40	7	865	4.4
160	热滚16 h	59	51	8	1233	4.4
180	热滚前	45	39	6	945	5.4
180	热滚16 h	68	61	7	1245	5.4
200	热滚前	48	41	7	768	6.2
200	热滚16 h	62	56	6	1135	6.2
220	热滚前	46	39	7	857	7.6
220	热滚16 h	72	68	4	988	7.6

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表 8 体系抗污染性能评价

污染物	实验条件	AV/ mPa·s	PV/ mPa·s	YP/ Pa	ES/ V	备注
5%CaSO₄	热滚前	61	55	6	622	无沉淀
	污染后	65	57	8	603
	热滚后	73	70	3	723
5%NaCl	热滚前	54	48	6	701	无沉淀
	污染后	62	55	7	621
	热滚后	75	70	5	555
5%钻屑	热滚前	62	55	7	662	少量沉淀
	污染后	65	57	8	733
	热滚后	85	73	12	1001
注：热滚条件为150 ℃、16 h

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表 9 环保油基钻井液高温稳定性评价

t_静置/ h	AV/ mPa·s	PV/ mPa·s	YP/ Pa	ES/ V	FL_HTHP/ mL	沉降因子SF	备注
0	48	41	7	642	/	0.502	/
16	57	50	7	941	5.0	0.504	流动性较好
24	61	53	8	1033	5.6	0.505	流动良好
48	66	55	11	1057	6.4	0.507	流动良好
72	71	59	12	1166	6.8	0.518	有少量沉淀
168	76	66	10	1031	7.6	0.510	稍稠，部分沉淀

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