Research on A Water-based Drilling Fluid for Shale Gas Drainage and Strong Blocking
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摘要: 四川龙马溪组页岩地层水敏性强、微裂缝及裂缝发育，钻井过程中井壁坍塌事故频发，严重制约了页岩气的高效开发。为解决上述难题，引入了一种既能抑制页岩水化膨胀与分散，又能封堵孔隙、微裂缝及裂缝，同时使页岩表面疏水的改性二氧化硅封堵剂。并以该封堵剂为核心，优选降滤失剂、润滑剂等，研制了一种疏水强封堵水基钻井液。该钻井液既具有良好的流变性、降滤失性，又具有优异的抑制、封堵、疏水和抗污染能力。该钻井液的页岩回收率达90.2%，对40～60目砂床渗入深度仅为1.5 cm，密度为2.2 g/cm3时高温高压滤失量为7.2 mL。Abstract: The shale formation of the Longmaxi Formation in Sichuan is highly water sensitive,with micro-cracks and cracks developed. During the drilling process, the shaft wall collapsed frequently,which severely restricted the efficient development of shale gas.In order to solve the above problems, this paper introduces a hydrophobically modified silica plugging agent that can not only inhibit shale hydration expansion and dispersion, but also block pores,micro-cracks and cracks, and make the shale surface hydrophobic.And with the core of the plugging agent, combined with fluid loss additives, lubricants, etc., a hydrophobic and strong plugging water-based drilling fluid was studied. The drilling fluid not only has good rheology and fluid loss reduction properties, but also has excellent inhibition, plugging,hydrophobic and anti-pollution capabilities. The shale recovery rate of the drilling fluid is 90.2%, the penetration depth into the 40-60 mesh sand bed is only 1.5 cm, and the high temperature and high pressure filtration loss is 7.2 mL when the density is 2.2 g/cm3.
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Key words:
- Shale /
- Water-based drilling fluid /
- Hydrophobic /
- Plugging /
- Suppression
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表 3 不同密度疏水强封堵钻井液性能（120 ℃、16 h）
ρ/
g/cm3AV/
mPa·sPV/
mPa·sYP/
mPa·sFLAPI/
mLFLHTHP/
mL1.4 42 37 5 3.0 6.0 1.6 51 38 13 3.2 6.2 1.8 62 41 21 3.2 6.2 2.0 72 42 30 4.4 6.8 2.2 81 41 40 5.0 7.2 
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表 4 疏水强封堵钻井液的抗污染实验（120 ℃、16 h）
污染物 实验条件 AV/mPa·s PV/mPa·s YP/mPa·s Cel/(Pa/Pa) FLAPI/mL FLHTHP/mL 5%氯化钠 老化前 37.5 32.0 5.5 4/11 3.6 老化后 27.5 23.0 4.5 3/11 3.0 8.4 5%膨润土 老化前 57.5 44.0 13.5 10/29 4.4 老化后 49.0 43.0 6.0 4/15 3.2 8.2 5%钻屑 老化前 51.0 44.0 7.0 6/15 3.4 老化后 40.0 36.0 4.0 3/12 2.8 9.0 10%钻屑 老化前 59.0 48.0 11.0 6/13 3.6 老化后 45.5 38.0 7.5 4/14 3.2 9.8 20%钻屑 老化前 74.5 57.0 17.5 11/21 4.6 老化后 49.5 44.0 5.5 4/15 4.0 10.2
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