Numerical Simulation of Reservoir Damage by Oil/Water Emulsification Based on Hydrodynamic Instability
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摘要: 高含油饱和度的储层钻完井过程往往向近井地带中引入水基工作液,这些水相在后续的生产过程中将与近井地带油相接触掺混,在一定条件下可发生油水乳化导致储层伤害。反之,低含油饱和度的储层使用油基钻井液则向近井引入油相,在后续生产中也可能发生油水乳化。基于水动力不稳定性理论,建立了原油乳化储层伤害的数学模型,并对其进行了数值模拟,得到了乳化损害的时间、空间分布及变化情况,其伤害空间范围局限于井壁附近几十厘米范围内,但由于渗透率损害严重,导致较高的表皮系数。模型基于对油水分相界面在低界面张力和高剪切条件下破裂分散过程的水动力分析,考虑储层孔隙分布特征和乳化液滴堵塞,一定程度上实现了乳化损害的时空模拟和诊断。Abstract: When drilling and completing reservoirs of high oil saturation, water base fluids will diffuse into the near wellbore region and gradually mixed with oils in the near wellbore area during production. Under some conditions this process will lead to oil/water emulsification which further causes reservoir damage. For reservoirs with low oil saturation drilled with oil base drilling fluids, oil filtrate from the drilling fluids will also diffuse into the near wellbore region, resulting again oil/water emulsification in subsequent production. A mathematical model was established to predict reservoir damage caused by oil/water emulsification based on hydrodynamic instability. The time-distribution, spatial distribution and change of reservoir damage by oil/water emulsification was obtained using this model. The reach of reservoir damage, although is confined within several tens of centimeters around the wellbore, serious permeability impairment results in high skin coefficient. This numerical model, in which the breakdown and dispersion of oil/water interface at low interfacial tensions and high shear rates were hydrodynamically analyzed, and the pore distribution of reservoir rocks and blocking by emulsion drops were taken into account in the simulation, has provided, to some extent, time and spatial simulation and diagnosis of reservoir damage by oil/water emulsification.
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