Friction Reducers for Slick Water:Performance Evaluation and Friction Prediction
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摘要: 经验预估滑溜水压裂现场的减阻效果具有差异较大的不足,而以往的减阻剂减阻性能评价实验多侧重于相关产品的对比优选,对其测试结果如何应用于现场实际的说明并不多见。针对以上问题,搭建了室内环路摩阻测试系统,依据Prandtl-Karman定律,通过清水湍流率定出测试用的3条直管管径分别为10.46,7.59和5.86 mm。对不同管径,在一定泵送排量梯度下对5种不同浓度的DR-800减阻剂溶液的摩阻压降进行了测定。对于0.07%和0.10%浓度的减阻剂溶液,将测试压降换算成摩阻系数,与考虑黏度项计算出的雷诺数相对应,可以很好地拟合于Virk渐近线,证明了DR-800减阻剂的优良减阻性能。在定量测试减阻性能后,采用摩阻放大法中的阻力速度法,将室内实验测得的降阻比与阻力速度进行回归得出表达式,确定出各阻力速度所对应的具体减阻率大小。运用该式,通过迭代计算,可以得到每种工况下相对确定的减阻率,比起经验预测,精度明显提高。因此,上述的室内研究方法对减阻剂的现场应用具有指导意义。
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关键词:
- 滑溜水 /
- 减阻剂 /
- 阻力速度 /
- 摩阻预测Virk渐近线
Abstract: Deficiencies exist in empirically predicting the friction reducing efficiency of slick water fracturing fluids in field operation, yet the experimental methods presently in use for evaluating the performance of friction reducers are only focused on the performance comparison and product optimization, while the illustration of how to apply the test results to field operation is rarely seen in literatures. To resolve this problem, a laboratory loop-line friction measurement system has been established. According to the Prandtl-Karman law, the diameters of three straight pipes used in the system were determined to be 10.46 mm, 7.59 mm and 5.86 mm using turbulent flow rate of clear water. For any one of the pipe diameters, the frictional pressure drops of five different concentrations of DR-800 (a friction reducer) water solutions were tested at a certain flow rate. For the 0.07% and 0.10% DR-800 solutions, the test pressure drops were converted into frictional coefficients, and then corresponded with the Reynolds numbers calculated which took into account viscosity. In this way the frictional coefficients can be satisfactorily fitted with Virk asymptote, and the excellent performance of the DR-800 was proven. After quantitatively measuring the friction reducing performance, using friction-velocity method (a submethod of the so-called friction amplification method), the ratios of friction reduction and velocities-under-friction obtained from the experiments can be regressed into a mathematical expression that can be used to work out the rate of friction reduction corresponding to a specific velocity-under-friction. Using this expression, a comparatively affirmative rate of friction reduction under a work condition can be determined through iteration. The calculation has better precision than empirical prediction, and the laboratory study method is instructive to the field application of friction reducers. -
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