Rheology of Thickened 100% Liquid CO2 Fracturing Fluid
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摘要:
针对液态CO2干法压裂增稠性能要求,研制了适用于液态CO2物理化学性能的一种表面活性剂增稠剂。通过高压管路流变实验,在线模拟了液态CO2增稠过程。实验结果表明,表面活性剂能够在液态CO2形成棒状或蠕虫状胶束而增加体系粘度,增黏倍数在86~218之间,且混合体系呈现出剪切稀释特性;压力的增大或者稠化剂体积分数的增大对液态CO2增稠压裂液黏度的影响较小,对流变参数的影响均较小,而液态混合体系的有效黏度随着温度的升高而减小,呈指数规律递减的趋势;液态混合体系的流动指数随温度的升高而增大,稠度系数随温度的升高而减小。
Abstract:A surfactant thickening agent suitable for use in dry-fracturing with liquid CO2 has been developed.The thickening process of liquid CO2 was simulated online through high pressure pipe flow rheological experiments.Results of the experiments have revealed that the surfactant forms rods or wormlike micelle in liquid CO2,thereby increases the viscosity of the liquid CO2 by 86-218 times of the original viscosity.The liquid CO2 treated with the thickening agent has shear-thinning characteristics.Increase in pressure or increase in the volumetric fraction of the thickening agent has smaller effect on the viscosity and rheology of the thickened liquid CO2 fracturing fluid,and the effective viscosity of the fracturing fluid decreases exponentially with increase in temperature.The thickened liquid CO2 fracturing fluid has flow index that increases with increase in temperature,and consistency factor that decreases with increase in temperature.
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Key words:
- Liquid CO2 /
- Fracturing fluid /
- Consistency factor /
- Effective viscosity /
- Flow index
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