Non-Crosslinking Vegetable Gum Fracturing Fluid XG-1 Technology
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摘要: 基于黄原胶XG 在水溶液中形成棒状双螺旋结构聚合体,研制了非交联型植物胶XG-1 压裂液,并给出了压裂液配方。研究结果表明,XG-1 稠化剂用量为0.5% 时,压裂液表观黏度超过70 mPa·s,其表观黏度随着温度升高而降低,50～100 ℃时体系表观黏度大于40 mPa·s,pH 值在2～12 时表观黏度均保持在60 mPa·s 左右,分别采用氯化钾、氯化钙盐水配制压裂液,20% 氯化钾、20% 氯化钙溶液配制的压裂液表观黏度均大于40 mPa·s,体系具有良好的耐盐性能;压裂液黏度大于40 mPa·s 时,支撑剂沉降速度大于0.014 mm/s,破胶液黏度大于5 mPa·s,表界面张力与瓜胶压裂液类似,增稠剂浓度为0.5% 的压裂液破胶残渣含量为90 mg/L,远低于同浓度瓜胶压裂液残渣含量,现场应用效果良好。该压裂液可用于中低渗、天然裂缝不发育储层的压裂改造。Abstract: A non-crosslinking vegetable gum fracturing fluid XG-1 was developed based on the concept that xanthan gum (XG) forms rod-shaped double helix polymer in water solution. The fracturing fluid treated with 0.5% XG-1 had apparent viscosity (AV) over 70 mPa·s, and over 40 mPa·s at 50-100 ℃ because the AV of the fracturing fluid decreased with temperature. When pH of the fracturing fluid was maintained between 2 and 12, the AV would be maintained at about 60 mPa·s. Fracturing fluids prepared with 20% KCl and 20% CaCl2 both had AV greater than 40 mPa·s, and both had good salt tolerance. When the AV of the fracturing fluids were greater than 40 mPa·s, settling velocity of the proppant would be greater than 0.014 mm/s, and the gel-broken fluid had viscosity greater than 5 mPa·s, with its surface tension similar to that of guar gum fracturing fluids. Fracturing fluid treated with 0.5% XG-1 had residue content of 90 mg/L after gel-breaking, far less than that of the guar gum fracturing fluids at the same viscosifier concentration. This fracturing fluid can be used in the fracturing operation of medium- to low-permeability reservoirs with few natural fractures.
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