Study and Application of New Vegetable Lubricant Used in Drilling Fluid
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摘要: 以废弃植物油脂为原料,通过将废弃植物油脂与相对分子量较小的醇类进行酯化或者酯交换反应,生成长链的脂肪酸酯,并经过表面活性剂和抗高温处理,制得一种新型植物油钻井液润滑剂。在常温下,6% 膨润土浆中加入1% 该润滑剂后,极压润滑系数可降低85%~88%,黏附系数可降低78%~86%;该润滑剂抗温达140℃,抗盐达10%,荧光级别为3 级,EC50 值在50 000 mg/L 以上,与聚合物、聚磺钻井液的配伍性好。该润滑剂在胜利油田桩23、莱87 区块进行了现场应用,降低了钻井摩阻,缩短了钻井周期。桩23 区块使用该润滑剂后,原油用量减少了一半以上,甚至可完全不用原油,井深3 900 m 的试验井平均建井周期从33.55 d 缩短为29.11 d,缩短了10% 以上;莱87 区块井深为3 100 m 的井,平均建井周期缩短了22.1%,钻井液成本降低了9.8%。废弃植物油的利用,节约了能源,有利于环境保护。Abstract: A new vegetable lubricant was developed by reacting waste vegetable oils with low molecular weight alcohols to form long chain fatty acid ester being treated with surfactants and other treatments to render it high temperature stability. At room temperature, 6% bentonite slurry treated with 1% vegetable lubricant had extreme pressure friction coefficient reduced by 85.5%-88.6%, and coefficient of adhesion reduced by 80.0%-86.7%. This lubricant remained its lubricating capacity at 140℃, and tolerated contamination by 15% salt. It had fluorescence level of 3 and EC50 of over 50,000 mg/L, and was well compatible with polymers and sulfonates commonly used in water base drilling fluid. In field application in the Well Zhuang23, crude oil previously used as lubricant was reduced at least by 50%. Experimental wells drilled with drilling fluid containing this vegetable lubricant, 3900m in depth, had average well construction time reduced from 33.55 d to 29.11 d. Furthermore, the use of waste oil from manufacturing this vegetable lubricant was also beneficial to environment protection.
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