Low-Density High-Fluidity High-Strength Epoxy Resin Cement Slurry Technology for Wellbore Reconstruction
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摘要: 页岩气井产量衰减较快，平均采收率较低，对页岩气压力衰竭老井进行重复压裂改造能够提升最终采收率，采用套中固套进行井筒重构是实现重复压裂顺利实施的关键。针对页岩气井井筒重构极窄小间隙环空作业环境，围绕窄间隙环空水泥浆流动性能、超薄水泥环长效封堵等技术难题，开展井筒重构水泥浆流变控制、水泥石强度控制、水泥浆调凝控制方法研究，在紧密堆积理论基础上，通过实验测试水泥浆体系在不同养护龄期下的抗压强度、流动度、高温高压稠化时间等性能，优选设计出一套井筒重构低密度高流高强固井水泥浆体系。结果表明，当水性环氧树脂添加量控制在8%～10%时，可以提高水泥石的抗压强度，同时保持良好的流动性能。该水泥浆体系性能稳定，已先后应用于井筒重构作业9井次，在实际工程应用中，水泥浆密度为1.63 g/cm3，流动度达27 cm，流性指数大于0.8，24 h和48 h抗压强度为16.23 MPa和20.50 MPa，稠化时间可控，满足井筒重构作业需要。其中焦页5-1HF井为首口井筒重构重复压裂技术全国产化应用井，重构井段固井质量优良，井筒重构后顺利完成分段重复压裂施工，测试产量恢复至初次压裂的88.10%，为国内页岩气田老区开发增储上产提供了借鉴。Abstract: The production rate of a shale gas well generally declines fast, resulting in a low average recovery of the well. Refracturing of an old well with shale gas production pressure depletion can effectively enhance the ultimate recovery of the well, and wellbore reconstruction, that is, re-cementing the well inside the existing casing, is the key to the successful implementation of wellbore refracturing. Researches were conducted on several technical methods, such as the control of the rheology of the cement slurry for wellbore reconstruction, the control of the strength of the set cement and the setting time adjustment and control of the cement slurry, to deal with the technical difficulties that are encountered in shale gas well reconstruction, such as cementing in annular spaces with extremely narrow clearances and extremely high requirements on the fluidity of the cement slurry in the narrow clearance as well as the long-term zonal isolation with the ultra-thin cement sheaths. Based on the close packing theory, the compressive strength, fluidity and high temperature high pressure thickening time of cement slurries at different lengths of aging time were measured through laboratory experiments, and a low-density, high-fluidity high-strength cement slurry system for wellbore reconstruction was designed. The experimental results show that by adding 8%-10% epoxy resin into a cement slurry, the compressive strength of the set cement can be enhanced and the cement slurry still retains good fluidity. The cement slurry has stable properties, and has been used in wellbore reconstruction for 9 well times. In practical engineering application, the cement slurry has a density of 1.63 g/cm3, a fluidity of 27 cm, a flow index of greater than 0.8, a 24 h- and a 48 h-compressive strengths of 16.23 MPa and 20.50 MPa as well as a thickening time that is controllable, satisfying the operational requirements of wellbore reconstruction. The well Jiaoye 5-1HF was the first reconstructed well in which refracturing was conducted, with all technologies being domestically developed. The cementing job quality in the reconstructed well intervals was excellent, and staged refracturing operation was successfully conducted after reconstruction of the wellbore. The shale gas production during well testing has recovered to 88.10% of the production after initial fracturing operation. These researches provide a reference for the reserve growth and production increase in the development of mature shale gas fields in China.
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表 1 不同乳化剂含量下水性环氧树脂乳液性能
水溶性
树脂乳液乳化剂/
%剪切
稳定性乳液环氧当
量/（g·mol−1）固相
物/%粒径/μm D50 D90 A 8 沉降分层 B 10 沉降分层 C 12 良好 413.60 49.10 0.46 0.52 D 15 良好 62.80 50.23 0.48 0.60 注：剪切稳定性为溶液在3000 r/min机械剪切 30 min后观察乳液稳定性；乳化剂比例为乳化剂占水性树脂乳液质量比例。 
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表 2 井筒重构水泥浆流变基本参数
实验组 流动度/
cmAV/
mPa·sPV/
mPa·sYP/
Pan K/
Pa·sn冷浆（27℃） 22 60.0 51 9.2 0.80 0.24 热浆（80℃） 26 52.5 46 6.6 0.83 0.17
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表 3 JY-AHF井重建井筒水泥浆的基本性能
ρ/
g·cm−3流动度/
cmn FLAPI/
mL∆ρ/
g·cm−3p48 h/
MPa弹性模
量/GPat稠化/
min冷浆 热浆 1.63 27 0.89 0.83 45 0 20.50 3.80 348 注：失水量实验条件6.9 MPa×30 min×80℃。
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