Low Thermal Conductivity Cement Slurry for Geothermal Well Cementing
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摘要: 地热能开发中，水泥环热损失是影响采热效率的关键因素。以G级油井水泥为基体，采用空心玻璃微珠和改性坡缕石纤维为复合低导热材料，通过配方优化，形成了低导热水泥浆体系，并进行了流变性、稳定性、导热能力和抗压能力等测试，导热系数比常规水泥下降了74.4%，7 d抗压强度为19.7 MPa，复合低导热材料的加入使得材料内部孔隙分布更小、更均匀，不仅降低了材料的导热系数，而且提高了其力学性能和耐久性，可降低系统热损失，提高地热能的采出效率。Abstract: In geothermal energy development, the heat loss of cement sheath plays a key role in affecting heat extraction efficiency. In this study, using class G cement as the base slurry, and hollow glass microspheres and modified palygorskite fiber as composite low thermal conductivity material, a low thermal conductivity cement slurry was formulated through composition optimization. Laboratory experiments on the rheology, stability, thermal conductivity and compressive strength of the cement slurry were all tested. It was found that compared with conventional cement slurries, the thermal conductivity of this cement slurry is reduced by 74.4%, and the 7-d compressive strength of this cement slurry is 19.7 MPa. The use of the low thermal conductivity agents in this cement slurry makes the pores inside the set cement finer and more evenly distributed. This not only reduces the thermal conductivity of the cement; it also improves the mechanical performance and durability of the cement. This technology can be used to reduce the heat loss and enhance the efficiency of geothermal extraction.
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表 1 空心玻璃微珠优选
空心玻璃
微珠真实密度/
g·cm−3p/
MPaD50/
μm耐压密度差/
g·cm−3HL30 0.28～0.32 10 55 0.22 HL40 0.38～0.42 28 40 0.14 HL42 0.40～0.44 55 40 0.02 HL46 0.44～0.48 41 40 0.06 
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表 2 改性前后坡缕石结构特征对比
坡缕石 比表面积/
m2·g−1平均孔径/
nm孔隙率/
%层间距/
Å表面基团 ζ/
mV接触角/（°） Pb2+浓度/
mg·g−1水中分散性 原始坡缕石 80～120 3～5 40～45 ～10.5 Si—OH
（3620 cm−1）−25 20（超亲水） 30 易团聚，沉降快 酸活化坡缕石 160～320 5～8 60～65 ～10.5 Si—OH增强，
杂质峰消失−35 25（亲水） 70 悬浮稳定性提高，
2 h不沉降
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表 3 不同水泥浆配方对导热系数和抗压强度的影响
配方 导热系数/
W·(m·K)−1p/
MPa配方 导热系数/
W·(m·K)−1p/
MPa配方 导热系数/
W·(m·K)−1p/
MPa1# 0.61 17.8 4# 0.44 16.8 7# 0.34 13.5 2# 0.54 17.1 5# 0.35 12.2 8# 0.32 16.2 3# 0.33 13.3 6# 0.46 16.7 9# 0.33 11.5
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表 6 低导热水泥石上下密度差
水泥石 空气中质量mi/g 水中质量mi,w/g 相对密度/(g·cm−3) 1# 21.60 18.62 1.360 2# 23.59 20.41 1.354 3# 22.87 19.73 1.359 4# 22.21 19.13 1.361
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表 7 水泥石孔隙结构参数
水泥石 孔隙率/
%总孔面积/
m2·g−1中值孔径/
nm平均孔径/
nm常规 41.25 21.372 32.86 57.39 低导热 62.97 183.897 14.69 17.81
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