Technologies for Lost Circulation Control in Deep Coalbed Methane Drilling in the East of the Junggar Basin
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摘要: 针对新疆准噶尔盆地东部深层煤岩气钻井中因储层承压能力不足导致的钻井液漏失等问题，根据现场井漏特征，结合矿物组成分析与微观电镜扫描，揭示了裂缝扩展与孔隙连通主导的漏失机理，并提出“封堵剂+降滤失剂+抑制剂”多元协同防漏技术对策。基于“降本增效”原则，优选出钻井液关键处理剂的添加剂用量，并通过正交实验优化复配组合，与基础体系结合形成4种防漏钻井液体系，渗透率恢复率作为核心评价指标，筛选出储层保护最佳的防漏钻井液体系。实验结果表明：该防漏钻井液体系的流变性能稳定，渗透率恢复率可达87.42%，中压和高温高压滤失量分别为4.16 mL 和 9.52 mL，砂床滤失量低于15 mL，封堵效果显著，岩屑膨胀率仅为0.96%，岩屑回收率高达91.6%，抑制性能优良。现场应用结果表明，优化后的防漏钻井液井漏事故明显减少，钻井周期缩短，复杂工况降低，储层保护效果提升，为深层煤岩气的安全、高效钻井提供了重要的技术支撑与应用参考。Abstract: Lost circulation in reservoir drilling has been encountered in deep coalbed methane drilling in the east of Junggar Basin (Xinjiang) because the reservoir formations have insufficient pressure bearing capacity. Based on the characteristics of the lost circulation encountered, the mineral composition of the reservoir formations was analyzed and the morphology of the formations observed using SEM. The mechanisms of lost circulation were determined to be the extension of fractures and the connection of pores in the formations, and a countermeasure for overcoming the lost circulation problem was presented as the synergistic application of “plugging agent + filtration agent + shale inhibitor”. Based on the “reduce costs and increase efficiency” principle, the concentrations of the key drilling fluid additives were optimized. The key additives were then formulated through orthogonal experiment with the basic slurry to form four lost circulation prevention drilling fluids. The four drilling fluids were then tested for their performance in permeability recovery and based on the results, a drilling fluid with the best reservoir protection was determined. Experimental results show that this drilling fluid has stable rheology, the percent permeability recovery can be as high as 87.42%, the API and HTHP filtration rates are 4.16 mL and 9.52 mL, respectively, the filtration rate on sand-bed test is less than 15 mL, indicating that the drilling fluid has good plugging capacity. In inhibitive capacity experiments, the rate of swelling of drilled cuttings tested with the filtrate of the drilling fluid is only 0.96%, and the percent cuttings recovery in hot rolling test with the drilling fluid is as high as 91.6%, indicating that the drilling fluid has excellent inhibitive capacity. In field application of the optimized drilling fluid, lost circulation was mitigated, drilling time shortened, complex working conditions minimized, and reservoirs were protected more effectively. The use of the optimized drilling fluid has provided an important technical support and application reference to safe and efficient drilling of deep coalbed methane.
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表 1 在基浆中加入不同钻井液抑制剂单剂的优选结果
抑制剂 浓度/
%膨胀量/
mm回收率/
%抑制
剂浓度/
%膨胀量/
mm回收率/
%PMHA-2 0.4 0.21 78.0 铵盐 0.2 0.22 75.0 0.5 0.18 80.0 0.3 0.21 77.2 0.6 0.17 81.0 0.4 0.20 77.6 0.7 0.16 81.2 0.5 0.19 78.2 KCl 3.0 0.20 75.0 KCl 5 0.18 77.6 4.0 0.19 77.6 6 0.18 78.2 
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表 2 抑制剂复配组合正交设计表
配方 PMHA-2/
%铵盐/
%KCl/
%配方 PMHA-2/
%铵盐/
%KCl/
%1# 0 0 0 6# 0.5 0.4 0 2# 0 0.3 4 7# 0.6 0 5 3# 0 0.4 5 8# 0.6 0.3 0 4# 0.5 0 4 9# 0.6 0.4 4 5# 0.5 0.3 5
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表 3 钻井液封堵剂单剂优选结果
添加剂 在不同加量下的滤失量/mL 1% 2% 3% 4% 5% 6% CaCO3 20.2 19 18.7 18.5 18.4 KH-n 19.6 16.5 15.0 14.8 14.5 KR-n 21.5 20.4 18.3 16.0 14.6 14.3
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表 4 封堵剂复配组合正交设计表
配方 CaCO3/
%KH-n/
%KR-n/
%配方 CaCO3/
%KH-n/
%KR-n/
%1# 0 0 0 6# 1 3 0 2# 0 2 4 7# 2 0 5 3# 0 3 5 8# 2 2 0 4# 1 0 4 9# 2 3 4 5# 1 2 5
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表 5 钻井液降滤失剂单剂优选结果
降滤失剂 加量/% FL/mL 降滤失剂 加量/% FL/mL SP-8 0.3 13.3 HY-2 0.5 18.0 0.4 10.6 1.0 15.8 0.5 9.6 1.5 13.1 0.6 9.3 2.0 11.8 0.7 9.1 2.5 11.3 3.0 10.9
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表 6 降滤失剂复配组合正交设计表
配方 SP-8/% HY-2/% 配方 SP-8/% HY-2/% 1# 0.4 1.5 3# 0.4 2.0 2# 0.5 2.0 4# 0.5 1.5
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表 7 防漏钻井液体系主要添加剂
防漏钻井液 KR-n/% KH-n/% CaCO3/% SP-8/% HY-2/% KCl/% 铵盐/% PMHA-2/% 1# 5 3 0.4 2.0 5 0.3 0.5 2# 4 3 2 0.4 2.0 5 0.6 3# 5 3 0.5 1.5 5 0.6 4# 4 3 2 0.5 1.5 5 0.3 0.5 注：基础钻井液：4%膨润土+0.2%Na2CO3+0.3%NaOH+0.2%黄原胶+0.2%ABSN+2%WRF-9+2%液体润滑剂+重晶石。
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表 8 防漏钻井液渗透率恢复实验结果
防漏
钻井液K/mD 恢复率/
%平均值/
%浸泡前 浸泡后 1# 0.02 0.015 78.00 80.25 0.12 0.099 82.50 2# 0.11 0.091 82.73 85.36 0.15 0.132 88.00 3# 3.29 2.802 85.11 87.42 6.24 5.604 89.74 4# 0.12 0.095 79.17 81.50 0.34 0.285 83.82
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表 9 钻井液体系流变性能对比测试
钻井液体系 AV/
mPa·sPV/
mPa·sYP/
PaYP/PV/
Pa /mPa·sφ6 φ3 现场钻井液 33.0 24 9.0 0.38 12.3 9.5 3#防漏钻井液 42.5 35 9.5 0.29 21.0 18.0
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