A Nanocellulose Filter Loss Reducer for High Temperature Water Based Drilling Fluids
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摘要: 利用水溶液聚合法接枝共聚合成了纳米纤维素降滤失剂CNF-ADDS，并分析了其对水基钻井液流变性和降滤失性的影响，评价了其抗温和抗盐、抗钙效果，研究了其降滤失机理。实验结果表明，降滤失剂CNF-ADDS的长度在300 nm左右，在水基钻井液基浆中添加2%CNF-ADDS，可以将钻井液的表观黏度提高到32 mPa·s，塑性黏度提高为22 mPa·s，在260℃老化后，150℃的高温高压滤失量仅为16.3 mL；在被36%NaCl和3%CaCl2污染，260℃老化后的滤失量分别为17.4 mL和16.5 mL，且泥饼韧且薄，降滤失剂CNF-ADDS可通过自组装成网状结构，吸附黏土颗粒，在高温和高盐、高钙环境中显著降低钻井液的滤失量。Abstract: A nanocellulose filter loss reducer CNF-ADDS was developed through aqueous solution graft polymerization. Laboratory experiments were conducted on it to analyze its effects on the rheology and filtration property of drilling fluids, to evaluate its high temperature performance and salt and calcium resistance capacities, and to reveal its filtration reduction mechanism. Experimental results show that the average length of the CNF-ADDS molecules is about 300 nm. Treatment of the base mud of a water-based drilling fluid with 2%CNF-ADDS increases its apparent viscosity to 32 mPa·s and the plastic viscosity to 22 mPa·s. After aging at 260℃, the HTHP filter loss tested at 150℃ is only 16.3 mL. After contamination by 36%NaCl and 3%CaCl2 respectively, the CNF-ADDS-treated drilling fluids were then aged at 260℃, the HTHP filter losses of the drilling fluids tested at 150℃ were 17.4 mL and 16.5 mL, respectively, and the mud cakes were tough and thin. By self-assembling into a network structure, the CNF-ADDS molecules can be adsorbed onto the surfaces of the clay particles, thereby reducing the filter loss of the drilling fluid in high temperature and high salinity (NaCl and CaCl2) environment.
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图 12 被NaCl和CaCl2污染老化前后泥饼的扫描电镜图
注：（a）2% CNF-ADDS 老化前；（b）添加2% CNF-ADDS在260℃老化后；（c）添加2% CNF-ADDS和10% NaCl老化前；（d）添加2% CNF-ADDS和10% NaCl在260℃老化后；（e）添加2% CNF-ADDS和3% CaCl2老化前；（f）添加2% CNF-ADDS和3% CaCl2在260℃老化后。
表 1 钻井液污染前后的Zeta电位值
CNF-ADDS/% NaCl/% CaCl2/% ζ/mV 0 0 0 −27.7 2 0 0 −43.2 2 10 0 −41.5 2 0 3 −38.1 
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