Ultra-High Temperature Suspension Stabilizer HPAS for Oil-Based Drilling and Completion Fluids and Its Working Mechanism
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摘要: 针对目前油基钻完井液在240℃以上高温环境下悬浮稳定性难以维持的难题，基于空间网架结构增强胶体稳定性的原理，以海泡石纤维、正辛基三乙氧基硅烷为原料，经盐酸处理后有机改性，研制出强疏水性悬浮稳定剂HPAS。分别利用红外光谱、热重分析、粒径分析和表面润湿性等对其单体进行表征，分析结果表明改性成功。以HPAS为基础配制的一套高密度油基钻井液在260℃老化后性能保持良好，表观黏度、塑性黏度维持在33 mPa·s、27 mPa·s左右，动切力保持在4 Pa以上，破乳电压高于800 V，高温高压滤失量控制在5 mL以下，泥饼厚度小于2 mm；通过沉降稳定性评价发现，在240℃下静置7 d无硬沉，开罐状态：玻璃棒自由落体轻松触底，满足现场应用要求；此外，体系在65℃～240℃、常压～190 MPa的温度压力范围内，动切力始终维持在4.5 Pa以上，保证了体系良好的悬浮稳定性及携岩能力，为油基钻完井液在深井、超深井及万米深井的进一步应用提供了技术支持。Abstract: Oil-based drilling and completion fluids presently in use have poor suspension stability at high temperatures up to 240℃ or higher. To deal with this problem, a strongly hydrophobic suspension stabilizer HPAS was developed based on the principle of strengthening the stability of a colloidal system through spatial grid structure. HPAS was synthesized using sepiolite fiber and n-octyltriethoxysilane as the raw materials. The final product was obtained by treating the intermediate product with hydrochloric acid and then organic modification. Characterization of HPAS with IR, TGA, particle size analysis and surface wettability proved that the modification is successful. A high-density oil-based drilling fluid was formulated with HPAS. After aging at 260℃, the properties of the drilling fluid were still good, the AV and PV of the drilling fluid were about 33 mPa·s and 27 mPa·s, respectively, the YP of the drilling fluid was at least 4 Pa, the electric stability was higher than 800 V, the HTHP filter loss was kept under 5 mL, and the thickness of the mud cake was less than 2 mm. Evaluation of the sedimentation stability of the drilling fluid showed that after standing at 240℃ for 7 d there was no hard sedimentation found, and a glass rod can freely drop through the drilling fluid to the bottom of the mud container. Moreover, the YP of the drilling fluid remained at more than 4.5 MPa at temperatures between 65℃ and 240℃ and pressures between atmospheric pressure and 190 MPa, indicating that the drilling fluid can maintain good suspension stability and solids carrying performance under these conditions. The development of this drilling fluid provides a technical support for the use of oil-based drilling and completion fluids in drilling deep, ultra-deep wells and even wells of ten thousand meters in depths.
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表 1 海泡石改性前后的比表面积
样品 单点法 比表面积/(m2·g−1) BET法 t-Plot法 原矿 1.38 1.42 1.45 HPA 1.72 1.87 2.44 HPAS 1.33 1.46 1.94 
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表 2 HPAS与多种有机土配伍性评价
有机土 实验条件 AV/mPa·s PV/mPa·s YP/Pa φ6/φ3 ES/V 开罐状态 HF-40W 老化前 37.5 25.0 12.5 11/10 1368 260℃、16 h 19.5 19.0 0.5 1/0 861 硬沉 HF-40W+HPAS 老化前 39.0 26.0 13.0 11/10 1441 260℃、16 h 30.5 22.0 8.5 6/5 948 无水无沉 HF-180 老化前 30.5 26.0 4.5 7/6 245 260℃、16 h 18.5 19.0 −0.5 1/0 1543 硬沉 HF-180+HPAS 老化前 30.5 26.5 4.0 7/6 271 260℃、16 h 27.0 21.0 6.0 7/6 1513 无水无沉 LH-OC 老化前 29.5 25.0 4.5 7/6 1346 260℃、16 h 21.0 22.0 −1.0 2/1 1010 硬薄沉 LH-OC+HPAS 老化前 29.5 25.0 4.5 7/6 1314 260℃、16 h 25.0 22.0 3.0 4/3 1159 无水无沉 BP-601 老化前 35.0 29.0 6.0 10/9 1457 260℃、16 h 22.0 21.0 1.0 1/0 1219 2 cm软沉 BP-601+HPAS 老化前 34.5 28.0 6.5 9/8 1168 260℃、16 h 32.5 27.0 5.5 8/7 1127 无水无沉
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表 3 不同温度和时间老化后钻井液的流变参数
T/
℃t老化/
hAV/
mPa·sPV/
mPa·sYP/
Paφ6/φ3 ES/
V开罐
状态FLHTHP/
mL泥饼厚度/
mm240 0 32.0 27 5.0 8/7 801 40 33.5 28 5.5 10/9 2000+ 无水无沉 4.4 2 88 33.0 27 6.0 10/9 2000+ 无水无沉 5.0 2 260 0 33.5 28 5.5 8/7 1032 40 33.0 26 7.0 9/8 1667 无水无沉 3.0 1 88 28.0 24 4.0 5/4 1704 无水无沉 4.0 1 注：在65℃测量流变参数。FLHTHP测试温度为180℃、上压700 psi(4.8263 MPa)、下压200 psi(1.3790 MPa)、滤失时间30 min。
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表 4 实验组和空白组高温高压流变数据
对比组 T/
℃P/
MPaAV/
mPa·sPV/
mPa·sYP/
Paφ6/φ3 Gel/
Pa/Pa实验组 65 常压 44.5 36..5 8.0 7.4/6.6 7.8/10.4 100 70 53.0 44.0 9.0 8.1/7.4 7.4/8.8 130 100 42.5 35.5 7.0 7.7/6.4 7.2/8.0 150 130 36.0 29.5 6.5 6.6/5.5 5.8/7.0 180 150 34.0 29.0 5.0 6.8/5.8 6.4/6.9 200 170 29.0 23.5 5.5 5.9/5.3 5.7/6.5 220 180 27.0 22.0 5.0 5.7/5.4 5.4/6.2 240 190 25.5 21.0 4.5 5.2/4.6 5.0/5.8 空白组 65 常压 39.5 31.3 8.2 5.6/4.4 5.5/7.8 100 70 12.5 9.3 3.2 1.8/1.6 2.1/3.3 130 100 9.7 8.8 0.9 1.3/0.8 1.4/1.8 150 130 8.6 8.9 −0.3 0.8/0.7 0.7/1.0 180 150 6.9 7.4 −0.5 0.7/0.5 0.6/0.9 200 170 6.2 6.9 −0.7 0.6/0.5 0.4/0.6 220 180 5.2 5.8 −0.6 0.6/0.4 0.5/0.7 240 190 5.0 5.8 −0.8 0.5/0.4 0.4/0.5
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表 5 空白组与实验组在不同高温高压静置不同时间的开罐状态
静置条件 编号 静置不同时间的开罐状态 1 d 3 d 5 d 7 d 14 d 220℃/
70 MPa空白组 0.1 cm硬沉
玻璃棒触底0.3 cm硬沉
玻璃棒未触底1 cm硬沉
玻璃棒未触底1 cm硬沉
玻璃棒未触底1 cm硬沉
玻璃棒未触底实验组 无水无沉
玻璃棒触底
弹起靠壁无水无沉
玻璃棒触底
弹起靠壁无水无沉
玻璃棒触底
弹起靠壁无水无沉
玻璃棒触底
弹起靠壁无水无沉
玻璃棒触底
弹起靠壁240℃/
80 MPa实验组 无水无沉
玻璃棒触底
弹起靠壁无水无沉
玻璃棒触底
弹起靠壁1 cm软沉
玻璃棒触底
弹起靠壁2 cm软沉
玻璃棒触底
不弹缓慢靠壁3 cm软沉
玻璃棒未触底
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