厄瓜多尔Parahuacu油田PRHH-X井固井技术

来鹏飞; 兰小林; 王国庆; 田国强; 钟凯; 张战臣; 张东

doi:10.12358/j.issn.1001-5620.2025.05.015

厄瓜多尔Parahuacu油田PRHH-X井固井技术

doi: 10.12358/j.issn.1001-5620.2025.05.015

1.
川庆钻探工程有限公司长庆固井公司, 西安710016
2.
川庆钻探工程有限公司国际工程公司, 成都610055

详细信息

作者简介:
来鹏飞，工程师，硕士研究生，2014年毕业于中国地质大学（武汉）油气田开发工程专业。主要从事国内和厄瓜多尔固井技术、固井工具、水泥浆以及现场固井施工工作。电话 15829398377；E-mail：648051374@qq.com

中图分类号: TE256.3
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2025-03-20
- 修回日期: 2025-05-13
- 刊出日期: 2025-09-30

Cementing Technology of PRHH-X Well in Parahuacu Oilfield, Ecuador

1.
Changqing Cementing Company, Chuanqing Drilling Engineering Co., LTD., Xi’an, Shaanxi 710016
2.
International Engineering Company, Chuanqing Drilling Engineering Co., LTD., Chengdu, Sichuan 610055

摘要

摘要: 厄瓜多尔Parahuacu油田为了实现勘探开发效益最大化，减少三开裸眼段过长所导致的问题，对PRHH-X井二开井身结构进行了优化和调整，二开采用Φ244.5 mm套管封固BASE TENA油层和Caliza A异常高压灰岩层。针对PRHH-X井Φ244.5 mm套管固井面临的大尺寸环空冲洗和顶替效率低、套管居中度低、大斜度井段井眼净化能力弱、油藏边底水活跃以及水泥浆易受地层流体侵扰等技术难题，采用了以下措施：设计多效前置液体系，可以有效冲洗、溶蚀环空中的钻井液和泥饼，提高固井二界面的抗剪切强度；设计了高性能拓荒液，其具有较好的悬浮稳定性，确保固井施工的安全；分析水泥浆受地层流体侵扰的原因，评价触变剂性能，优化组合形成防侵扰水泥浆。室内实验表明，多效前置液体系与清水体系相比，固井二界面在2 d和7 d的抗剪切强度分别增长了526%和715%；拓荒液稳定性良好，稠化时间大于10 h；防侵扰水泥浆静胶凝过渡时间为8 min，40 Bc到70 Bc的过渡时间为6 min，表现出强触变性，8 h抗压强度达到20.6 MPa，SPN值为2.2756，防气窜性能良好。基于上述多效前置液体系、拓荒液、水泥浆和配套技术措施（优化扶正器的类型和数量、浆柱结构设计、组合流态顶替）形成的固井技术在PRHH-X井现场应用效果良好，固井质量合格，裸眼段优质率达85%以上，为厄瓜多尔Parahuacu油田含产层和异常高压气层的Φ244.5 mm技术套管固井提供了技术支撑。
- 防侵扰水泥浆 /
- 多效前置液 /
- 拓荒液 /
- Φ244.5 mm套管固井 /
- Parahuacu油田
Abstract: In recent years, in order to maximize the benefits of exploration and development and reduce the issues arising from the long openhole section of the third section in the Parahuacu field in Ecuador, the second well structure of the PRHH-X well has undergone optimization and adjustment. A Φ244.5 mm casing was utilized to seal the BASE TENA oil layer and the abnormally high-pressure Caliza A limestone layer in the second section.In response to the the technical problems faced during the Φ244.5 mm casing cementing in the PRHH-X well, such as low displacement efficiency and low flushing efficiency of large annulus, low casing center degree, the weak wellbore cleaning capacity in the highly deviated section, the active edge and bottom water of the reservoir, and the susceptibility of the cement slurry to invasion by formation fluids, the following measures were adopted. Designing a multi-effect preflush system can effectively flush and dissolve the mud and mud cake in the annulus, enhancing the shear strength of the second interface of cementing. Designing high-performance pioneer fluid with good suspension stability ensures the safety of cementing operations. Analyze the reasons for the invasion of formation fluids into the cement slurry, evaluate the performance of thixotropic agents, and optimize the combination to form anti-invasion cement slurry. Indoor experiments show that compared with the clear water system, the shear strength of the second interface of the cementing in the multi-effect preflush system increased by 526% and 715% at 2 days and 7 days, respectively. The stability of the pioneer fluid is good, and the thickening time is more than 10 hours. The static gel transition time of the anti-intrusion cement slurry is 8 minutes, and the transition time from 40 Bc to 70 Bc is 6 minutes, showing strong thixotropy. 8 h The compressive strength reaches 20.6 MPa, and the SPN value is 2.2756, with good anti-gas channeling performance. Based on the above multi-effect preflush system, pioneer fluid, cement slurry and supporting technical measures (optimizing the type and quantity of centralizers, slurry column structure design, and combined flow state displacement), the cementing technology was applied in the PRHH-X well in 2024 with good results. The cementing quality was qualified, and the high-quality rate of the openhole section was over 85%, providing strong technical support for the technical casing cementing of the φ244.5 mm production layer and abnormal high-pressure gas layer in the Parahuacu oilfield, Ecuador.
- Anti-intrusion cement slurry /
- Multi-effect preflush /
- Pioneer fluid /
- Φ244.5 mm casing cementing /
- Parahuacu oilfield

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图 1 Φ244.5 mm套管顶替排量对环空上返速度的影响

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 2 加量为2.0%CA-L水泥浆停机10 min后再开启的稠度变化

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 3 防侵扰水泥浆的稠化性能及抗压强度曲线

注：1psi=0.006895 MPa。

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表 1 多效前置液体系配方及设计用量

前置液	配方	ρ/（g·cm⁻³）	设计用量/m³
冲洗液	清水+2.5%BCS-010+ 5%KCl	1.05	4.0
冲洗酸	清水+2.0%HCl+ 2.5%SMSS-44L+5%KCl	1.05	4.0
隔离液	清水+2.5%G404SP+ 5%XC-HV+CaCO₃	1.26～1.38	8.0
界面胶结增强	清水+5%SS-5L	1.06	6.0

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表 2 清水和多效前置液体系二界面胶结强度对比

前置液	ρ/ g·cm⁻³	t_浸泡/ min	界面胶结强度/MPa
前置液	ρ/ g·cm⁻³	t_浸泡/ min	养护2 d			平均值	养护7 d			平均值
清水	1.00	9.0	0.041	0.052	0.058	0.050	0.065	0.068	0.082	0.072
冲洗液	1.05	1.5	0.312	0.242	0.385	0.313	0.522	0.612	0.628	0.587
冲洗酸	1.05	3.0
隔离液体系	1.30	3.0
界面胶结增强体系	1.06	1.5

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表 3 托荒液的基本性能

ρ/（g·cm⁻³）	t_稠化/h	流动度/cm	∆ρ/（g·cm⁻³）	φ₃₀₀	φ₁₀₀	PV/mPa·s	YP/Pa
1.56	＞10	30	0.03	112	64	72	20

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表 4 不同触变剂加量的稠度差值实验结果

CA-L/ %	t_停机/ min	停机稠度/Bc	再开启稠度/Bc	稳定稠度/Bc	稠度差值/Bc	t_稠化/ min
0	10	16.2	19.5	16.6	3.3	110
1.0	10	20.6	28.7	21.8	8.1	98
2.0	10	28.3	41.6	29.6	13.3	87
3.0	10	38.4	58.8	40.1	20.4	69
注：测试条件为52℃、35.6 MPa、28 min。

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表 5 不同加量触变剂防侵扰水泥浆的性能

CA-L/ %	剪切应力/Pa			n	K/Pa·sⁿ
CA-L/ %	静止10 s	静止10 min	剪切应力差值/Pa	n	K/Pa·sⁿ
0	11	14	3	0.46	0.87
1.0	14	20	6	0.51	1.08
2.0	18	29	11	0.55	1.45
3.0	23	38	15	0.61	1.86

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表 6 防侵扰水泥浆领浆的性能

ρ/ g·cm⁻³	t_稠化/min		FL/ mL	游离液/ %	p/MPa
ρ/ g·cm⁻³	40 Bc	70 Bc	FL/ mL	游离液/ %	8 h	12 h	24 h
1.62	320	344	55	0.1	3.6	5.1	8.5

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表 7 防侵扰水泥浆尾浆主要性能

水泥浆	ρ/ g·cm⁻³	FL/ mL	初始稠度/ Bc	t_稠化/min			胶凝强度过渡时间/min			Gel/ Pa/Pa	p/MPa
水泥浆	ρ/ g·cm⁻³	FL/ mL	初始稠度/ Bc	40 Bc	70 Bc	差值	48 Pa	240 Pa	差值	Gel/ Pa/Pa	8 h	24 h
尾浆1	1.92	20	18	220	225	5	235	248	13	11/52	13.1	29.7
尾浆2	2.04	15	21	141	147	6	152	160	8	16/65	20.6	39.5

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表 8 尾浆的稠化时间、阻力系数和SPN值

水泥浆	t_{100 Bc} /min	t_{30 Bc} /min	阻力系数	SPN值
尾浆1	230	217	0.0794	1.5878
尾浆2	155	135	0.1517	2.2756

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表 9 增稠钻井液的基本性能

钻井液	ρ/（g·cm⁻³）	n	K/（Pa·sⁿ）	PV/Pa	YP/Pa
增稠钻井液	1.18	0.5443	0.8231	25	13

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表 10 水泥浆和前置液塞流和紊流临界流速

固井液	ρ/g·cm⁻³	n	K/Pa·sⁿ	塞流临界流速/m³·min⁻¹	紊流临界流速/m³·min⁻¹
尾浆1	1.92	0.7235	1.4303	0.775	9.68
尾浆2	2.04	0.6864	2.1071	0.886	10.2
隔离液	1.30	0.6919	0.1776	0.192	2.11
冲洗酸	1.05	1.000	0.0040	0.012	0.252

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表 11 PRHH-X井完钻数据和环空封固段设计表

井号	裸眼段长度/m	拓荒液数量/m³	领浆设计封固段/m	尾浆1设计封固段/m	尾浆2设计封固段/m
PRHH-X	1563	6.0	1521～2021	2021～2833	2833～3458

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表 12 PRHH-X井Φ244.5 mm产层套管固井液注替方案设计表

固井液	体积/m³	排量/（m³·min⁻¹）	t/min
冲洗液	4.0	1.0	4.0
冲洗酸	4.0	1.0	4.0
隔离液体系	8.0	1.2	7.0
界面胶结增强体系	6.0	1.2	5.0
拓荒液	6.0	1.0	6.0
领浆	45.0	1.2	37.5
尾浆1	8.0	1.2	6.7
尾浆2	53.0	1.8	29.4
清水替量	1.0	0.5	2.0
钻井液替量	4.0	1.8	2.2
钻井液替量	20.0	2.8	5.0
钻井液替量	45.0	2.5	18.0
钻井液替量	61.0	0.8	76.0

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表 13 PRHH-X井套管居中度和顶替效率模拟数据

井号	井斜/(°)		扶正器数量/个		套管居中度/%	顶替效率/%
井号	最大	平均	整体半柔性	螺旋刚性	套管居中度/%	顶替效率/%
PRHH-X	66.98	45.85	30	15	75	73
			45	25	90	88
			60	30	92	91

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