Development and Performance Evaluation of a Starch-Based Composite Filter Loss Reducer for Use at 220℃
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摘要: 钻井液处理剂兼具抗高温与环保性能是确保“安全、高效、经济、绿色”钻井的关键。以水溶淀粉、细目核桃壳粉和环保丙烯酸树脂为原料，利用交联剂，通过反相乳液聚合方法制备了一种抗高温环保型淀粉基复合降滤失剂。该复合降滤失剂的最大热分解温度为286℃，呈现出一种具有不规则形状与不同尺寸的纤维状结构。220℃热滚后，2%复合降滤失剂可使4%膨润土基浆的中压滤失量由39 mL下降至12 mL，并使得基浆高温高压滤失量由172 mL降低至52 mL，降滤失率近70%，且高温下具有低黏降滤失效果。进一步通过Zeta电位分析、粒径分布测量和扫描电镜观察探究了该复合降滤失剂的作用机理。结果表明，该复合降滤失剂吸附在黏土颗粒上，增强了膨润土基浆的胶体稳定性，优化了其粒度级配；同时，复合降滤失剂能够封堵滤饼孔隙，形成薄而韧的滤饼，最终显著降低钻井液在高温下的滤失量，可为抗超高温环保型水基钻井液体系研发提供指导。Abstract: Drilling fluid additives with both high temperature stability and environment protection ability are the key to “safe, efficient, economic and green” well drilling. A high temperature environmentally friendly starch-based composite filter loss reducer was developed with a water-soluble starch, a fine walnut shell powder and an environmentally friendly acrylic acid resin. The synthesis is completed through inverse emulsion polymerization with the help of a crosslinking agent. This composite filter loss reducer has a maximum thermal decomposition temperature of 286℃, and has fibrous structure of irregular shapes and different sizes. After hot rolling at 220℃, a 4% bentonite base slurry treated with 2% composite filter loss reducer has its API filter loss reduced from 39 mL to 12 mL, and its HTHP filter loss from 172 mL to 52 mL, a rate of filtration reduction of nearly 70%. At elevated temperatures, the composite filter loss reducer shows a low viscosity filter loss control effect. Zeta potential analysis, particle size distribution measurement and SEM observation show that the molecules of the composite filter loss reducer can be adsorbed on the clay particles, thereby enhancing the colloidal stability and optimizing the particle sizing of the bentonite slurry. Meanwhile, the composite filter loss reducer can plug the pores formed in the mud cakes, making the mud cakes thin and tough, and based on these mechanisms, the high temperature filtration rate of the drilling fluid is finally significantly reduced. The results of this study provide a guidance to the research and development of ultra-high temperature environmentally friendly water-based drilling fluids.
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表 1 220℃老化后含不同浓度复合降滤失剂基浆的粒径分布
降滤失剂 /% D0.1/μm D0.5/μm D0.9/μm 平均粒径/μm 0 0.624 3.584 11.119 29.226 0.5 0.605 3.511 11.848 30.446 1.0 0.861 3.901 15.603 117.690 2.0 0.593 3.028 12.069 85.325 
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