Mechanism of Multi-field Coupled Wellbore Instability in the Mudstone Section of the Southern Margin of the Junggar Basin
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摘要: 为揭示准噶尔盆地南缘易垮塌层位井壁失稳机理，以目的层泥岩作为研究对象，通过理化实验、力学实验以及构建动态损伤模型，揭示准噶尔盆地南缘泥岩段多场耦合作用的井壁失稳机理。研究结果表明：南缘地区泥岩膨胀性黏土矿物含量高达42%，水化膨胀率30%以上，滚动回收率低于20%，表现出较强的水化特征；原岩强度低于40 MPa，水化后原岩强度、弹性模量呈指数下降，下降速度先快后慢；随着温度的升高，地层强度表现出下降的趋势，下降速度逐渐加快，这是因为热胀冷缩，孔隙内的空气膨胀，导致岩石内部应力发生变化，降低了强度。构建多场耦合动态井壁稳定模型，计算不同井斜角、方位角，不同作用时间的的坍塌压力当量密度，计算结果更加精确，揭示了准噶尔盆地南缘地区泥岩段多场耦合井壁失稳机理，为维持钻井过程井壁稳定和钻井设计提供理论指导。Abstract: To understand the mechanisms of borehole wall instability of the easy-to-collapse formations in the southern margin of the Junggar Basin, mudstone cores were taken from the formation and studied through physio-chemical experiment, mechanical experiment and construction of a dynamic formation failure model. The results of the studies show that the mudstones in the southern margin of the basin contain 42% swelling clay minerals, the rate of swelling of the mudstone cores in contact with water is 30% or higher, and the percent recovery of the cores in hot rolling test is lower than 20%, indicating that the mudstone is quite easy to hydrate in water. The strength of the in-situ mudstones is lower than 40 MPa. After hydration, the strength and elastic modulus of the in-situ mudstones decrease exponentially, and the decreasing speed is fast at first, and then becomes slowly. As temperatures increase, the formation strength shows a trend of decrease, the speed of which is becoming faster. The cause of this phenomenon is “expand with heat and contract with cold”. The air in the pores of the formation expands, causing a change in the internal stresses of the rock, thereby reducing its strength. A multifield coupling dynamic borehole wall stabilization model was constructed to more accurately calculate the collapse pressure equivalent densities under different well angles, azimuths and action times. The results of the calculation help reveal the multifield coupling borehole wall instability mechanism of the mudstone formations in the southern margin of the Junggar Basin, and provide a theoretical guidance for maintaining wellbore stability during drilling and for drilling design.
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